World history (food)
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51 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| C. 2.6 million BCE - 10,000 BCE | Paleolithic period |
| Pre-historic cultural stage of human development Rudimentary stone tools | What is important about the Paleolithic period? |
| 10,000 BCE - 4500&2000 BCE | Neolithic period |
| Stone tools shaped by polishing/grinding Dependence on domesticated plants/animals | What is important about the Neolithic period |
| Syria Turkey Egypt Jordan Iraq | Fertile Crescent |
| Grains like wheat and barley flourished here and flowered quickly due to the nourishment from the soil and proximity to water sources | What is important about the Fertile Crescent? |
| Sumer and Egypt around 3100 BCE | Where was the 1st irrigation system recorded? |
| Brewing beer Fishing Religious monuments | 3 reasons for the shift in nomadic living (hunter gatherers) to settlements/villages |
| Physical migration of people from one place to another | Demic diffusion |
| Spread of ideas & information between people | Cultural diffusion |
| Uruk, Sumer (4000 BCE - 634 CE) | What was the first major city? |
| Wolves Goats Sheep Pigs Cows | What were some of the first domesticated animals? |
| Peasants produce foods while lords control it | What is the manor system? |
| Europe India China Japan | Where was feudalism prominent? |
| Geographic areas where there is little or limited access to healthy and affordable foods (fruits/veggies) | What is a food desert? |
| 2.3 million | About how many Americans do food deserts affect? |
| Roasting over open fire Pit boiling | Earliest cooking methods |
| Drying Salting Brining | Name 3 early preservation methods |
| Restores nutrients lost/degraded during production, fortifies/enriches foods Ex. Iodine in salt | Nutritional additives |
| Added to foods in order to Aid in processing or maintain desired consistency of product | Processing agents |
| Color additive Flavorings Sweeteners | Sensory agents |
| French chef/confectioner who discovered effective canning method in 1806. Paid by French govt in 1810 to share Used GLASS CONTAINERS | Nicholas Appert |
| Two British engineers who bought Durands patent in 1812 Began mass producing canned food | Who are Bryan Donkin and John Hall? |
| Helped the cans heat up more when added to water which made the process faster | How did Calcium Chloride help preserve canned goods? |
| Application of heat to food in order to prevent, reduce and destroy disease producing and decay causing microorganisms | Pasteurization |
| French scientist who discovered pasteurization | Louis Pasteur |
| About 1/4 - 1/3 | How much food produced is wasted world wide? |
| Over planting crops to guarantee supply Over preparation Over stocked displays in stores | Name 3 causes of food waste |
| Wholesome food that could be fed to the hungry is thrown away Land, water, labor and energy are wasted Creation of methane | 3 implications of food waste |
| Process of choosing organisms with the most desired traits and mating/breeding with the intention of spreading traits through offspring | Artificial selection (selective breeding) |
| 7800 BCE in southwest Asia (domestic wheat) | Where was artificial selection first seen? |
| Established artificial selection as practice during the British Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century | Robert Bakewell |
| Coined selective breeding by using it twice in the first edition of his work ‘On the Origin of Species’ (1859 | Charles Darwin |
| The process of using modern biotechnological methods to directly manipulate an organisms genome | Genetic engineering |
| Higher crop yield per acre Greater resistance to insect damage Immunity to plant diseases | Benefits of GE plants |
| Crops the farmer and their family needs to survive | Subsistence crops |
| Crops grown to be sold for a profit | Cash crops |
| The practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land (corn, soybeans, wheat) | Monocropping |
| Increases biodiversity Reduces likelihood of diseases Natural pest control Weed management Erosion control Safeguards food supply | Pros of poly culture |
| Can be expensive Potentially lower yields Requires more labor | Cons of poly culture |
| Profitable Reduces the amount of land being used High yields | Pros of monoculture |
| Depletes the soil and provides a plentiful diet for parasites Requires large amounts of chemical fertilizer and pesticides Eliminates bio diversity | Cons of monoculture |
| Corn, beans and squash in Latin America | The three sisters |