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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms?	the sun
As you climb a flight of stairs, what type of energy are your legs in motion using?	Kinetic energy
You are out cycling and start to climb a hill. As you crest the hill, just before cycling down, what kind of energy have you stored?	Potential energy
What unit is used to measured thermal energy that flows from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature?	Kilocalories
Energy that is usable and organized is classified as having?	low entropy
In order for a cell to maintain a high degree of order, it must constantly	use energy
An organism can exchange matter and energy with its surrounds. Thus, any change in an organism's energy content must be balanced by a corresponding change in the energy content of the surroundings. As such, an organism is referred to as a	open sysytem
Which of the following statement is contrary to the first law of thermodynamics?	Energy can be transferred from one form to another
According to the second law of thermodynamics, the amount of usable available to do work in the universe_____ over time.	decreases
In a reaction in which the rate of the reverse is equal to the rate of the forward reaction, a state of___ is attained.	product reversibility
In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecules is converted into three-carbon molecules of	pyruvate
Glycolysis yield a net energy profit of ___ ATP molecule of glucose	two
During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields	3 ATP, 2 NADH, and 1 FADH2
where does the citric acid take place in a eukaryotic cell?	Mitochondrial maxtrix
A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of	glycoysis
In the electron transport chain. exergonic redox processes drive the endergonic reaction in which	ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP
The complete aerobic metabolism of one molecule of glucose yields a maximum of how many ATPs?	36 to 38
What is the reaction in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from the substrate and transferred	Dehydrogenation
What is the reaction in which part of a carboxyl group (__COOH) is removed from the substrate as a molecule of CO2?	Pyruvate
During aerobic respiration, what molecule is degraded to form acetyl coenzyme A?	Pyruvate
Thylakoid membranes are involved in__ synthesis	ATP
How are chlorophyll molecules attached to thylakoid membranes?	By a hydroxide group
During photosynthesis __ is reduced and___ is oxidized	CO2;H2O
Land plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes are known as _____	photoautotrophs
what are the two phases of photosynthesis?	Chemiosmosis and photochemical reactions
What is the process by which light energy is converted into the shored chemical energy of organic molecule?	photosynthesis
when an electron return to its ground state, energy will be released as heat or as an emission of light known as	fluorescence
a bacterial chromosome consists of a	circular DNA molecule many times larger than the cell
Nucleosomes are best described as	eukaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins
The function of nucleosomes is to	prevent DNA associated with histone proteins
In unwound chromatin, nucleosomes are organized into laeg coiled loops held together by	scaffolding proteins
eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of	DNA only
which of the following are surrounded by fibrils that make up the pericentriolar material?	microtubules
___ organized on chromosomes carry the information that controls the functions	genes
during prophase ___ is are compacted into visible chromosomes	chromatin
the __ is responsible for the separation of the chromosomes during the ___ of mitosis	genes
during prophase ___ is are compacted into visible chromosomes	chromation
the ___ is responsible for the separation of the chromosomes during the __ of mitosis	mitotic spindle: anaphase
what evolutionary advantage is provided by sexual reproduction	production of genetically identical offspring
what would happen if meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing or	the chromosome number would double in each generation
homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis during	prophase 1
which of the following is produced by meiosis	zygotes
during prophase 1 of meiosis homologous chromosomes lie side by side. this phenomenon is known as	tetrad formation
in a human cell at prophase 1, there are____ tetrads	2