| Reticular Tissue | -slender branching web + reticular cells
-spleen + lymph nodes
-filter, then phagocytosis |
| Adipose CT | -Richly vascularized
-many cells, little matrix
-Fetus-brown adipose tissue+more mitochondria |
| Areolar CT | -Loose fibrous ct- fibroblasts+macrophages
-stretchable
-absorbs fluid during inflammation, causing edema |
| CT types (5) | loose fibrous, dense fibrous, blood, bone, cartilage |
| Elastic Fibers | "yellow fibers"
-Elastin+fibrillin
-stretch 150% of length
-external ear, skin, lungs, BV |
| Reticular Fibres | -Delicate fine net of Reticulin
-nerves, filters, capillaries |
| Collagen Fibres | -Strongest, pliable, resists pulling
-most common |
| Hyaluronidase | breaks down hyaluronic acid, makes CT liquidy
-used by pathogens, sperm, and WBC |
| Hyaluronic Acid | -in ground substance
-slippery polysaccharide
-joints, eyeballs |
| Dermatan Sulphate | -CT of BV, heart valves, skin, tendons |
| Macrophages | -dev. from monocytes (WBC)
-Phagocytic
-irregular shape, short branches |
| Endoderm | becomes epithelial cells |
| Mesoderm | becomes epithelial, muscle, connective tissue cells |
| ectoderm | becomes epithelial, nervous tissue cells |
| Fibronectin | Main cell adhesion protein of CT |
| CT structures (3) | Matrix, fibres, cells |
| Mature cyte functions | maintenance, decreased ability to divide |
| Fibroblasts | Loose Fibrous CT + dense fibrous CT
-branched, large, flat
-migrate and secrete |
| Plasma Cells | Dev. from B-lymphocte
-antibody production to blood+tissues
-Ab=specialized protein- binds to foreign cells |
| Mast Cells | BV in CT
-Migrate to tissue+release histamine-dilates sm BV ^ local blood supply
-inflammation and healing |
| Adipocytes | -fat cells, store triglycerides
-below dermis + around organs
-fat contained in vacuole |
| Glucosaminoglycans (GAG) | polysaccharide associated with proteoglycans |
| Proteoglycans | proteins that bind h2o to change tissue consistency |
| Keratan Sulphate | bone, cartilage, CT of cornea |
| Chondroitin Sulphate | support+adhesion
cartilage, bone, skin, BV |
| ground substance | interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans |
| CT matrix | -ground substance + fibres |
| Dense Regular Fibrous CT | -Fibres dominant + thicker
-fibroblasts produce ground substance + fibres
-closely packed collagen fibres, creates white flexible structure
-tendons, aponeuroses, ligaments |
| Dense Irregular fibrous CT | -thicker collagen fibres arranged to resist in more than one direction
-dermis, pericardium, heart valves, perichondrium, periosteum |
| Elastic CT | -Elastic Fibres
-yellowish
-fibroblasts dominant
-lung tissues, arteries, ligaments |
| Cartilage | -Chondrocyte
-avascular, non-innervated- slow to heal
-flexible + tough due to collagen+elastic fibres
chondroblasts make new matrix until skeleton complete
-chondroblasts grouped in Lacunae (sm cavities) |
| Hyaline Cartilage | -clear/blue-white
-most abundant, weakest
-chondrocytes 1-10% of tissue volume
-trachea, bronchi, ends of long bones, EPIPHYSEAL PLATES |
| Elastic cartilage: | -elastin fibres
-repeated bending w/o breaking
-external ear and epiglottis |
| Fibrocartilage | -Strongest, most durable cartilage
-chondrocytes & collagen fibres
-intervertebral disks, menisci of knee joint, tendons |
| Cartilage Growth-Interstitial | - # of chondroblasts increases, matrix increases
- matrix pushes chondroblasts apart, expansion
-childhood & adolescence |
| Cartilage Growth-Appositional | -perichondrium cells cause growth of cartilage
-new cartilage is at the outer edges of the original cartilage (deposits apically)
-later in life and continuous through adolescence |
| BONE | -composed of collagen (organic component) + mineral salts (inorganic component)
-Bone salt = 65% of matrix
-support, movement, mineral reservoir
-highly vascularized |
| osteoblasts | Bone-forming cells |
| osteoclasts | bone-resorbing cells |
| BLOOD | LIQUID tissue that contains NO ground substance and NO fibres
-plasma, RBC, WBC, platelets |
| haematopoiesis | Blood-forming activity |
