| Fray Pedro Ponce de Leon | Spanish monk; early teacher of deaf children |
| Who is this? | Thomas Brown (early American Deaf community leader) |
| Who is this? | Jean-Marc Itard (medical doctor at INJS, notorious medical experiments) |
| Etienne de Fay | Earliest known Deaf teacher of deaf children (Amiens, France) |
| Who is this? | Eduardo Huet (Deaf French teacher; key in starting Deaf schools in Brazil and Mexico) |
| Who is this? | Thomas H. Gallaudet |
| Sign Name | Laurent Clerc
H corner of mouth |
| Sign Name | Abbe de l'Epee
Sign for HUNGRY + closed X hs scooped out |
| Sign Name | Abbe Sicard
hold dominant arm. Shake S hs with dominant hand |
| Sign Name | Jean Massieu
B hs scooped out |
| Where was the American School for the Deaf (ASD) established? | Hartford, Connecticut. United States |
| What was the point of view toward deaf people in 16th century Spain? | Spanish nobility develop desire to educate their deaf children to preserve family holdings |
| Where was the National Institute for Young Deaf (INJS)? | Paris, France |
| Where was Braidwood Academy? | Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Where was Cobbs School? | Bolling family plantation, Cobbs, Virginia, United States. |
| Sparta and Athens viewpoints of Deaf people | Killed when born |
| Roman viewpoints of Deaf people | Drowned; others had limited rights |
| Egyptian Viewpoints of Deaf people | Respected |
| Justinian Code's Viewpoints of Deaf People | Deaf people classed in five categories; identified distinctions of Deaf people |
| Ottoman Empire (Sultan Mehmed II) Viewpoints of Deaf People | Favorable view of signing; Deaf people employed |
| What was the impact of the founding of INJS in Paris? | Successful Deaf education provided possible, particularly through manualism; many more schools opened |
| Who is Jonathan Lambert and what did he accomplish in his life? | -Was a Martha's Vineyarder
-Had property
-Military work
-Bossed slave boat
-had family deafness
-Mingled with tourists |
| What was the impact of Aristotle's statement about Deaf people? | No serious attempts at Deaf education made for approximately the next 1800 years; Misperception led to Deaf people being viewed very negatively |
| Who are John Harrower and John Edge? What is noteworthy about them? | -John Harrower taught John Edge (a deaf teenager) in 1774
-Likely the first record of teaching a Deaf child in the colonial era |
| What was the impact of St. Augustine's Statement about Deaf people? | Misunderstanding of St. Augustine led to continuation of the perception of Aristotle's belief about Deaf people |
| What is most significant about the Gaudy brothers? | Framlingham's will is the oldest known Deaf-written document |
| Why is the Ottoman Empire's Topkapi palace significant in Deaf history? | -Deaf people worked in the Sultan's innermost court
-A small Deaf community was formed of Deaf servants
-Ixarette (a signed language) was used by Deaf servants |
| What year was the American school for the Deaf (ASD) founded? | 1817 |
| Who were the three founders of ASD? | -Laurent Clerc
-Thomas H. Gallaudet
-Mason Cogswell |
| Why did Thomas H. Gallaudet not learn Deaf education methods from the Braidwoods? | The Braidwoods insisted on secrecy & a long apprenticeship |
| Who invited Thomas H. Gallaudet to Paris to learn Deaf Education methods? | Abbe Sicard |
| Which boat did Thomas H. Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc ride to the United States? | Mary Augusta |
| Where and when was the Cobbs school? | Virginia, March 1815 - Fall 1816 |
| One of your assigned homework readings was about life at which state's Deaf school? | Indiana |
| Forbidden Signs argues there are two turning points in 1800's American Deaf history, which are: | -ASD's founding
-the rise of the oralist movement |
| Forbidden Signs describes two main groups affecting Deaf education in the U.S., which are: | -Manualists
-Oralists |
| Which Point from Forbidden Signs is false?
-Manualists viewed signing as a gift from God
-Oralists considered signing as animal-like and undesirable
-Manualists viewed speech as a gift from God
-Oralists equated speech with humanity and life | -Manualists viewed speech as a gift from God |
| Where was ASD founded? | Hartford, Connecticut |
| Who was the first student enrolled at ASD? | Alice Cogswell |
| Which country, instead of the U.S., did Laurent Clerc almost go to to help found a Deaf school? | Russia |
| What did John Flournoy propose? | Creating a Deaf state in the American West |
| Chapter 3 in Forbidden Signs points out that as oralism rose: | -Day schools proliferated and spread oralism
-More women teachers were hired
-Growing numbers of Deaf teachers lost their jobs |
| Who is Pierre Desloges? | The earliest known Deaf author of a published book |
| Where did Dowager Empress (Queen Mother) Maria Feodorovna found the first Russian Deaf school? | Pavlovsk |
| Who was the deaf founder of the first deaf school in Moscow? | Ivan K. Arnol'd |
| What is significant about the first Deaf school Canon P.J. Triest founded in Belgium? | It was a school specifically for Deaf girls |
| Who is Edward Huet? | A French-born Deaf teacher who helped found Deaf schools in Brazil & Mexico |
| Who are Carl Oscar Malm and Andreas Christian Møller? | Two of the earliest Deaf founders of Deaf schools in Europe |
| How did Deaf schools generally spread geographically through the U.S.? | East to West |
| Where were the Black Deaf segregated schools in the U.S.? | The South |
| Which language emerged from Black Deaf schools in the U.S.? | Black American Sign Language (BASL) |
| Miller V. DC Board of Education (1952) is known for: | -Involving the Kendall elementary school for deaf children
-Stopping forced segregation across state lines
-Involving a Black deaf child and his parents |
| Brown v. Board of Education (1954) impacted U.S. Deaf education by: | Ending segregation within Deaf education (including residential schools) |
| Why did oralists establish many day schools for Deaf children in the U.S.? | -To prevent students' signing and Deaf identity development
-To focus students on speech acquisition at school and home
-To limit students' exposure to deaf peers |
| From 1850-1940, which region in the U.S. had the largest number of students at Deaf residential schools? | The Northeast |
| In which decade did the number of Deaf teachers at U.S. Deaf residential schools greatly decrease? | 1870's |
| During 1880-1930, which teaching method became predominant in U.S. Deaf education? | Oralism |
| Beginning in the 1900's, which type of Deaf school rose in prominence? | Public Day Schools |
| Which rural French town was Laurent Clerc born in? | La Balme-les Grottes |
| True or False? La Balme-les-Grottes' city museum has a permanent exhibit honoring Laurent Clerc and Deaf history | True |
| Sign Name | Roch-Ambroise Bebian
Open to closed G on upper chest mimicking lapels |
| Sign Name | Samuel Heinicke
Bent V circles mouth |
| Sign Name | Jean-Marc Itard
Y hs w/ thumb in ear twist up |
| Sign Name | H Corner of mouth |
| Sign Name and Country Sign | Carl Oscar Malm (Finland)
A hs. Thumb draws from upper lip to chin like long mustache
Finland - X hs taps chin |
| Sign name and Country Sign | Pär Aron Borg (Sweden & Portugal)
fs(BORG)
Sweden- Sign "EXPERIENCE" on back of hand
Portugal - 3 hs flick forward |
| Sign Name and Country sign | Andreas Christian Møller (Norway)
A hs rubs together as if grinding something
Norway - N hs zig zags up and down across chest |
| Sign name and Country sign | Peter Atke Castberg (Denmark)
No known sign name
Denmark - 3 hs zig zags up and down across chest |
| Sign Name and Country sign | P.J. Triest (Belgium)
Open 8 hs circles head X hs draws down from eye
Belgium: B hs flicked out from mouth |
| Sign Name and Country ssign | H.D. Guyot (Netherlands)
Edge of B hs moves up from right hip to left shoulder
Netherlands - closed O hs pulls out from head like flappy hat |
| Sign Name and Country sign | Maria Feodorovna (Russia)
No known sign name
Pavlovsk - Drag H hs across forehead then chin
Russia - Drag finger along chin and flick out |
| Sign Name and Country Sign | Eduardo Huet (Brazil & Mexico)
Shake ILY hs next to face
Brazil - B hs small zigzag down
Mexico: V hs flicks out from forehead |
