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level: SCHIZOPHRENIA

Questions and Answers List

level questions: SCHIZOPHRENIA

Question	Answer
a severe mental illness where contact with relaity and insight are impaired.	Schizophrenia
atypical symptoms experienced in addition to normal experiences. They include hallucinations and delusions.	Positive Symptoms
a sensory experience of stimuli that either have no basis in reality or are distorted perceptions of reality.	Hallucinations
involve beliefs that have no basis in reality, i.e. delusions of paranoria, grandeur etc.	Delusions
atypical symptoms experienced which represent the loss of a usual experience such as clear thinking or 'normal' levels of motivation.	Negative Symptoms
involves reduced frequency and quality of speech.	Speech Poverty
involves the loss of motivation to carry out tasks and results in lowered activity levels.	Avolition
the occurence of two illnesses or conditions together - where two conditions are frequently diagnosed together it calls into question the validty of classifying the two disorders separately.	Co-Morbidity
occurs when two or more conditions share symptoms - where conditions share many symptoms this calls into question the validity of classicaying the disorders separately.	Symptom Overlap
genes consist of DNA strandds which produce 'instructions' for general physical features of an organism and also specific physical features. These may impact in psychological features. Genes are transmitted from parent to offspring.	Genetics
a neurotransmitter that generally has an excitatory effect and is associated with the sensation of pleasure. Unusually high levels are associated with schizophrenia and unusually low levels are associated with Parkinson's disease.	Dopamine
patterns of structure or activity in the brain that occur in conjunction with an experience and may be implicated in the oirgins of that experience.	Neural Correlates
abnormal processes within a family such as poor family communication, cold parenting and high levels of expressed emotion. These may be risk factors for both the development and maintenance of schizophrenia.	Family Dysfunction
explanations that focus on mental processes such as thinking, language and attention.	Cognitive Explanations
a general term meaning information processing that is not functioning normally and produces undesirable consequences.	Dysfunctional Thought Processing
drugs used to reduce the intensity of symptoms, particulalry positive symptoms of conditions such as schizophrenia.	Antipsychotics
the first generation of antipsychotic drugs, having been used since the 1950s. They work as dopamine antagonists and include Chlorpromazine.	Typical Antipsychotics
these typically target a range of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, and include Clozapine and Risperidone.	Atypical Antipsychotics
a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.	Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
a psychological therapy carried out with all or some members of a family with the aim of improving their communication and reducing the stress of living as a family.	Family Therapy
a form of behaviourial therapy, where desirable behaviours are encouraged by the use of selective reinforcement. The tokens can then be exchanged for primary reinforcers, i.e. favourite foods or privileges.	Token Economies