| Mana | prestige, power, authority |
| mana atua | connection to gods |
| mana tangata | prestige acquired over time through work and contributions |
| mana whenua | mana that derives from land, directly related to whakapapa/ancestors |
| manaakitanga | to extend love/aroha to someone; secures the strength of whanau relationships |
| tapu | sacred, prohibited, restricted, under the protection of autual spiritual/supernatural; to disregard can result in disaster and spiritual sanction (something bad happening to you) |
| wahi tapu | a sacred site, may be protected by a Rahui prohbition |
| Noa | the opposite of tapu, a state of normalcy, to get from tapu to noa, one can pray/karakia, eat, use water? |
| whanaungatanga | connection to one's whanau/hapu/iwi, kin relationships that sustain identity and entrench responsibilities |
| values in a powhiri | tapu/noa
whanaugnatanga
mana
utu |
| tapu/noa in a powhiri setting | reducing the tapu between manuhiri and tangata whenua
karanga (addressing each other and the ancestors) removing tapu
food and drink at the end of the process (wharenui - the main room where guests are greeted - is tapu)
karanga removing at the marae atea to enable safe passage of manuhiri |
| manuhiri | visitors |
| tangata whenua | people of the land |
| karanga | the start of the powphiri
an exchange of calls that takes place during the time a visiting group moves onto the marae |
| whanaungatanga in a powphiri setting | deceased are acknowledged in the karanga, whanau are cited throughout
wharenui is usually a revered ancestor |
| mana in a powhiri setting | something people strive for, representative of status
mana of manuhiri reflected in powhiri
power, prestige, and authority |
| utu in a powhiri setting | iwi/hapu/whanau will show reciprocity
bring koha
equal numbers of speakers between manuhiri and tangata whenua |
| principles in tangihanga | whakapapa
whanaungatanga
ahi kaa |
| whakapapa in a tangihanga setting | group identity, whakapapa connection to ancestors and the land
mana whenua - the people of that area of land
returning to the land that sustained them |
| whanaungatanga in a tangihanga setting | maintaining relationships with kin and those you are a whakapapa connection to
people coming together to strengthen those ties |
| ahi kaa | "keeping the home fires burning"
having a connection to the land and preserving the mana whenua |
| priniples relevant to the environment | kaitiakitanga
whakapapa
mana
tapu
rahui |
| kaitiakitanga in relation to the environment | being a guardian and protector of the environment |
| whakapapa in relation to the environment | relations to the natural world
papatuanuku earth mother
right to protect the land we belong to |
| mana | mana is diminished when kaitiaki (the guardian) fails in duty
results in spirital sanction |
| tapu | when an area is in a state of tapu (for conservation purposes/result of death)
Rahui prohibitions around the area to protect its tapu status |
| rahuia | temporary ritual prohibition to restrict access to environment
a breach of rahui is a breach of tapu
has legal backing under s 186 Fisheries Act |
| legal system principles | utu
mana
aroha
manaaakitanga |
| rutu in relation to legal principles | where there is an imbalance in social relations
victims lose their mana because the offender has more power
restoration of the victim's mana through koha, giving money/food to support an affected whanau when they are suffering/lost someone
restoration - muru: taking of the offender's personal property to restore the imbalance |
| muru | taking an offender's belongings to restore imbalance and the mana of the victim |
| losing mana in the legal context | a victim loses mana for being the weaker individual |
| aroha in the legal context or in the context of offence | demonstrating love for the affected whanau (can be through utu, koha, love and compassion to remedy the wrong) |
| manaakitanga in the legal context | taking care of someone you have wronged through utu and aroha
balancing an unbalanced and wronged situation |
