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level: Level 1 - Definitions

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 - Definitions

Question	Answer
A group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to a codon on the mRNA	Anticodon
One of four possible molecules - Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G) - that join holding the two strands of DNA together.	Base
A long DNA molecule that is found in the cell nucleus, which becomes condensed and visible during cell division.	Chromosome
One of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis.	Chromatid
A triplet of bases on the mRNA molecule. Different triplets code for different Amino Acids in a protein.	Codon
Describes a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes (in pairs) 2n.	Diploid
The chemical that forms chromosomes and carries the genetic code.	DNA
Describes the shape of the DNA molecule, rather like a twisted ladder.	Double Helix
A table showing which mRNA codons corresponds to each Amino Acid.	Genetic Code
The entire DNA of an organism (the amount present in a diploid cell).	Genome
Describes a cell that contains only one set of chromosomes, such as gametes, 1n.	Haploid
The form of cell division that forms four haploid, genetically different cells, forming gametes.	Meiosis
A type of RNA that forms a copy of the template strand of the DNA during transcription.	mRNA, messenger
The form of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from a diploid body cell.	Mitosis
Type of cell division used for growth and repair.	Mitosis
Type of cell division used to form gametes.	Meiosis
A rare, random change in DNA.	Mutation
Mass of cells produced by a mutation and uncontrolled cell division.	Tumour
Radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays and ultraviolet radiation that can damage cells and produce mutations in genes.	Ionising Radiation
A chemical that produces mutations in genes (broad term, not example).	Mutagen
The copying of DNA that takes place before cell division.	Replication
A nucleic acid similar to DNA but made of a single strand, with ribose sugar and the base uracil instead of thymine.	RNA
The site of protein synthesis in a cell.	Ribosomes
The process by which the information in the base sequence of a strand of the DNA is copied to a molecule of RNA.	Transcription
The process by which the information in the base sequence of mRNA is used to produce the sequence of amino acids in a protein.	Translation
A particular form of a gene.	Allele