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level: Level 1 - Definitions

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 - Definitions

Question	Answer
The removal of toxic waste substances that have been produced by chemical reactions inside the body. eg Carbon Dioxide	Excretion
The maintenance of a constant internal environment eg Body Temperature	Homeostasis
The non-living outside the cell membrane of certain types of cell, giving support and shape.	Cell Wall
The cell wall is made of this in plants and algae.	Cellulose
The cell wall is made of this in fungi.	Chitin
The cell wall is made of this in bacteria.	Peptidoglygan
Any of the threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus.	Hypha (hyphae)
A microoragnism that causes disease in another living organism.	Pathogen
A small circle of genetic material found in some bacteria in addition to the circular chromosome.	Plasmid
A mixed group of eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, animals or fungi. Mostly unicellular.	Protoctists
Animal-like species of protoctista.	Protozoa
The digestion of dead or decaying food material outside the body: eg by fungi	Saprotrophic Nutrition
The movement of molecules or ions against a concentration gradient, using energy from respiration..	Active Transport
The net movement of molecules or ions down a concentration gardient.	Diffusion
The opposite of active: happening without the need of energy from respiration.	Passive
The net movement of molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a solution with a high water potential to a solution with lower water potential.	Osmosis
When molecules move in both directions, but more move in one direction than the other.	Net Movement
A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others.	Partially Permeable Membrane
An unequal distribution of molecules between two regions.	Concentration Gradient
When a plant cell loses internal pressure, so that the cytoplasm no longer pushes out against the cell wall.	Flaccid
Describes a plant cell with high internal pressure, so that the cytoplasm pushes out against the cell wall.	Turgid
The chemical process in which glucose is broken down, releasing energy to be used by the cell.	Respiration
Respiration that occurs without the presence of oxygen.	Anaerobic Respiration
The anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol, happens in yeast cells.	Fermentation
The chemical present in all cells which acts as energy 'currency'. ATP is made in Respiration and used up in any process that requires the use of energy.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Something that can cause cancer, which is the uncontrolled division of cells.	Carcinogen
The centre part of the body protected by the ribs, which contains the heart and lungs.	Thorax
Type of Respiration that occurs with the presence of oxygen.	Aerobic Respiration