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level: Level 1 of Med term 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Med term 2

Question	Answer
a cerebral disorder of hypertension indicated by severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and altered mental status. Neurological symptoms may include blindness, muscle, twitches, inability to speak, weakness, and paralysis.	Hypertensive encephalopathy
increased in body’s core temperature	102. Hyperthermia
blood pressure lower than normal	Hypotension
decrease in body’s core temperature	Hypothermia
state in which insufficient oxygen is available to meet the oxygen requirements of the cells	Hypoxia
a reaction that occurs swiftly following re-exposure to an antigen. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are usually more severe then delayed reactions. The swiftest and most severe of such reactions is anaphylaxis	Immediate hypertensive immune reaction
complex cascade of events within the body that woks towards the destruction or inactivation of pathogens, abnormal cells, or foreign molecules	Immune Response
the body system responsible for combating infection	Immune System
very smooth or surgical laceration, frequently caused by a knife, scalpel, razor blade, or piece of glass.	Incision
immunity achieved through vaccination given to generate an immune response that results in the development of antibodies specific for the injected antigen, also called artificially acquired immunity	Induced active immunity
complex process of local cellular and biochemical changes as a consequence of injury or infection; an early stage of healing.	Inflammation
the process of informed observation.	Inspection
a formation resulting from overproduction of scar tissue.	Keloid
sounds of blood hitting arterial walls	Korotkoff sounds
an open wound, normally a tear with jagged borders.	Laceration
any disruption on normal tissue	Lesion
inflammation of the lymph channels, usually as a result of a distal infection.	Lymphangitis
immune system cell that has the ability to recognize and ingest foreign antibodies.	Macrophage
specialized cell of immune system that contains chemicals that assist in the immune response	Mast cells
death and subsequent necrosis of the heart muscle caused by inadequate blood supply; also acute myocardial infarction. (AMI).	Myocardial infarction (MI)
catheter placed at nares	Nasal cannula -
excessive widening of the nares with respiration	Nasal flaring
uncuffed tube that allows a nature curvature of the nasal pharynx, passing through the nose and extending from the nostril to the posterior pharynx	Nasopharyngeal airway
genetically pre-determined immunity that is present at birth, also called innate immunity	Natural immunity
immunity that begins to develop after birth and is continually enhanced by exposures to new pathogens and antigens throughout life	Naturally acquired immunity
tissue death, usually from ischemia.	Necrosis
new growth of capillaries in response to healing.	Neovascularization
pause following an ectopic beat when the SA node is depolarized and the underlying cadence of the heart is interrupted.	Non-compensatory pause
the normal heart rate rhythm.	Normal sinus rhythm
air enters the pleural space through an injury to the chest wall.	Open pneumothorax
semi circular device that follows the palates curvature.	Oropharyngeal airway
dyspnea while lying supine	Orthopnea
paleness	Pallor
using your sense of touch to gather info	Palpation
asymmetrical chest wall movement that lessens respiratory efficiency	Paradoxical breathing
short attacks of dyspnea that occur at night and interrupt sleep	Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
acquired immunity that results from administration of antibodies either from the mother to the infant across the placenta barrier (natural passive immunity) or through vaccination (induced passive immunity)	Passive immunity
a disease-producing agent or substance	Pathogen
the production of sound waves by striking one object against another	Percussion
blood movement through and organ or tissue	Perfusion
a restriction to cardiac filling caused by blood (or other fluid) within the pericardial sac.	Pericardial Tamponade -
area of the chest wall overlying the heart.	Pericardium
black and blue discoloration surrounding the eye sockets.	Periorbital ecchymosis
process in which a cell surrounds and absorbs a bacterium or other particle.	Phagocytosis
squeaking of pleural linings	Pleural friction rub
air in the pleural space.	Pneumothorax
an excess of red blood cells	Polycythemia
- a method of holding the alveoli open by increasing expiratory pressure. Some bag-valve units used in EMS have PEEP attachments. Also, EMS personnel sometimes transport patients who are on ventilators with PEEP attachments	Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
initial, generalized response to an antigen	Primary response
variant of angina pectoris caused by vasospasm of the coronary arteries, not blockage per se; also called vasospastic angina or atypical angina.	Prinzmetal’s angina
blood clot in one of the pulmonary arteries.	Pulmonary embolism (PE)
a measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the peripheral tissues	Pulse Oximetry
difference between systolic and diastolic pressures	Pulse pressure
strength which can be weak strong thready or bounding	Pulse quality
number of pulses felt in one minute	Pulse rate
pattern and equality of intervals between beats.	Pulse rhythm
alternating amplitude of the P, QRS, and T waves on the ECG rhythm strip as the heart swings in a pendulum-like fashion within the pericardial sac during tamponade.	Pulsus alternans
Drop of greater than 10 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure during the inspiratory phase of respiration that occurs in patients with pericardial tamponade.	Pulsus Paradoxus
specific soft-tissue injury involving a deep, narrow wound to the skin and underlying organs that carries an increased danger of infection.	Puncture
period from the beginning of the QRS to the end of the T wave.	QT interval
the period of time when myocardial cell have not yet completely repolarized and cannot be stimulated again.	Refractory period
the period of the cardiac cycle when a sufficiently strong stimulus may produce depolarization.	Relative refractory period
stage in the wound healing process in which collagen is broken down and re-laid in an orderly fashion.	Remodeling
the exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment	Respiration
how hard the pt. works to breath	Respiratory effort
number of times pt. breaths in a minute	Respiratory rate
provision of efforts to return a spontaneous pulse and breathing.	Resuscitation
resuscitation results in the patient’s having a spontaneous pulse.	Return of spontaneous circulation
acute disease that involves the destruction of skeletal muscle.	Rhabdomyolysis
continuous sounds with a lower pitch (snoring quality)	Rhonchi
response by the immune system that takes place if the body is exposed to the same antigen again; in ________ __________, antibodies specific for the offending antigen is released	Secondary response
sitting up at 45 degrees	Semi-Fowler’s position
initial exposure of a person to an antigen that results in an immune response	Sensitization
blood pressure measuring device	Sphygmomanometer
a pneumothorax (collection of air in the pleural space) that occurs spontaneously, in the absence of blunt or penetrating trauma	Spontaneous Pneumothorax
inspiratory wheeze associated with laryngeal obstruction	Stridor
presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue	Subcutaneous emphysema
death within one hour after the onset of symptoms.	Sudden death
the passage of an electric current through the heart during a specific part of the cardiac cycle to terminate certain kinds of dysrhythmias.	Synchronized cardioversion
force of blood when ventricle contract	Systolic blood pressure
a heart rate of more than 100 bpm.	Tachycardia
fast breathing	Tachypnea
natural patterns in the surface of the skin revealing tensions within.	Tension lines
develops when air in the pleural space cannot escape, causing a buildup of pressure and collapse of the lung.	Tension Pneumothorax
amount of air move in and out of lungs in one breath	Tidal volume
any poisonous chemical secreted by bacteria or released following destruction of bacteria	Toxin
any position of the trachea other then midline	Tracheal deviation
retraction of the tissues of the neck due to airway obstruction or dyspnea	Tracheal tugging
the structures of the trachea and the bronchi.	Tracheobronchial Tree
myocardial infarction that affects the full thickness of the myocardium and almost always results in a pathological Q wave in the affected leads.	Transmural infarction
normal tension of skin	Turgor
an interference with air movement through the upper airway	Upper Airway Obstruction
the raised areas of wheals, that occur on the skin associated with vasodilation due to histamine release commonly called hives	Urticaria
dilated superficial veins, usually in the lower extremity.	Varicose veins
inflammation of blood vessels.	Vasculitis
the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs	Ventilation
high flow mask that uses a venture system to deliver relatively precise oxygen flow	Venturi Mask
continuous musical sounds	Wheezes.