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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts. Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole. Fhysiology + Function = FF	Define anatomy and physiology
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism.	Identify the different levels of organisation from atoms to organisms
Diagram	Describe the functions of each of the body systems
Diagram	Label the abdominal quadrants
Diagram	Identify the abdominal regions
Diagram	Identify abdominal regions including main body organs located within these
Anterior or ventral = Nearer to front of the body or toward the front. Posterior or dorsal = After, behind or toward the back. Inferior = Below or at a lower level. Superior = Above or at higher level. Proximal = Closer to the origin (arms &legs) Distal = Away from the centre of body. Medial = Toward the midline of body. Lateral = On the same side of body. Superficial = Toward or at the body surface (skin). Deep = Away from the surface of the body (skin).	Identify the directional terms
Diagram	Identify the human body cavities
Diagram	Identify which organs belong in which body cavities
Homeostasis is the human body keeping a constant internal temperature. The definition of homeostasis is the ability or tendency to maintain internal stability in an organism to compensate for environmental changes.	Define homeostasis
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK control systems are inhibitory. They oppose or “negate” a change (such as a drop in temperature) by creating a response (production of heat) that is opposite in direction to the initial disturbance (fall in temperature below a normal set point). POSITIVE FEEDBACK control systems are stimulatory. Instead of opposing a change in the internal environment and causing a return to normal, positive feedback tends to amplify or reinforce the change that is occurring.	Explain positive and negative feedback in relation to homeostasis with examples
Diagram	Describe the cell structure
Diagram	Demonstrate understanding of functions of organelles
Simple Diffusion across the Cell (Plasma) Membrane. The structure of the lipid bilayer allows small, uncharged substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, and hydrophobic molecules such as lipids, to pass through the cell membrane, down their concentration gradient, by simple diffusion Larger molecules such as glucose require a specific transport protein to facilitate their movement across the cell membrane.	Demonstrate understanding of movement of molecules across the cell membrane
Cellular respiration uses energy in glucose to make ATP. Aerobic (“oxygen-using”) respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate. This results in a net gain of two ATP molecules.	Describe stages of cell respiration
Aerobic denotes the term ‘in the presence of oxygen’ while the word anaerobic denotes the ‘absence of oxygen’. So the respiration which occurs in the presence of oxygen is called as aerobic respiration, on the other hand, respiration occurring in the absence of oxygen is known anaerobic respiration.	Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration