| What is a mucous membrane and some examples? | Lines tubes that open to exterior and examples are GI tract, Urinary tract, Reproductive tract and Respiratory tract |
| What are the 3 layers of the mucous membrane | 1. Epithelium lining
2. Adjacent layer of the lamina propria
3. Third layer present in the GI tract and is made up of smooth muscle cells |
| What are serous membranes? | 2 part membrane and are thin and line certain closed cavities |
| What are the 3 structures that the serous membrane lines? | Pleural sac ( lung )
Pericardial sac ( heart )
Peritoneum ( many abdominal organs ) |
| What is the role of the serous fluid | Lubrication so that organs involved in digestion can move friction-free |
| What is a Mesentery | Double layer of peritonuem that supplies blood, nerves and lymph. It also a site of fat storage |
| What are the 4 layers of a gut tube | 1. Mucosa layer
2. Sub muscosa
3. Muscularis externa
4. Outer serosa |
| What plexus is found in GI tract and a major component of enteric nervous system | Auerbach’s plexus |
| What is the serosa composed of and function ( what epithelium ) in the illeum | simple squamous epithelium and secretes watery lubricant which provides blood vessels and nerves |
| What are the layers of the oesphagus | Mucosa layer --> stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium, lamina propria and some smooth muscles and a lot of immune cells
Submucosa --> connective tissue containing mucus secreting glands
Muscularis externa --> inner are circular and outer are longtidunal muscles |
| What are the 4 layers of the stomach | Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyolrus |
| What are the functions of each layer of the stomach | Cardia - Mucus production
Fundus - Produce gastric juice
Body - Produce gastric juice
Pyolrus- Mucus production |
| How can you differentiate between jejunum and illeum | Jejunum contains more abundant plicae
Jejunum also has absnece of Brunners and Peyer patches |
| What is a Peyer patch | Large patches of lymphoid follicles found in illeum that provides immune surviellence |
| What is the difference between small intestine and large intestine | LI contains no plicae and no villi
Abosrbs water and electrolytes
Musclaris externa changes from longtidunal into 3 bands called the taenia coli |
| In the trachea, what muscle helps you cough and swallow | trachealis muscle |
| What are the 2 types of pneumocytes present in the alveoli | Type I ( simple squamous ) permits gas exchange
Type II ( cuboidal ) produces surfactants that lower surface tension |
| What kind of epithelium is found in the Ureter and urethra | Transitional Epithelium |
| What is the role of the adventia | Connective tissue that holds organs in place |
