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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
State the 4 nucleotide bases within the DNA molecule?	A, T, C and G
State the name given to the twisted shape of the DNA molecule?	Double Helix
Name the bonds which hold together the strands of the DNA double helix?	(Weak) Hydrogen Bonds
Name the 3 components of extraction buffer?	Salt, Water and Detergent
Name the chemical that is added to precipitate the DNA from its solution during the DNA extraction core practical?	(Ice Cold) Ethanol
Define allele?	A diffrent version (form) of the same gene
How many pairs of chromosomes are found within the human genome?	23 pairs
Define heterozygous?	When an organism has two alleles from a particular gene and they are different
Define recessive allele?	An allele that is only expressed when 2 copies are inherited
State the sex chromosomes for a man?	XY
Define mutation?	A change in the sequence of bases within DNA
Name the enzyme used in genetic engineering which cuts the DNA strand	Restriction Enzyme
Name the enzyme used in genetic engineering which joins DNA strands back together with their sticky ends?	Ligase
What scientific term is defined as 'a small, circular strand of DNA'. They are found within many species of bacteria?	Plasmid
Two different pieces of DNA joined together from two different organisms is called what?	Recombinant DNA
Define dominant allele?	An allele that is always expressed (even if only one is inherited)
Define homozygous?	When an organism has two alleles for a particular gene and they are the same
Which scientific process involves modifying an organisms genome to produce desirable characteristics by using DNA from another organism or species?	Genetic Engineering
Define genome?	The entire set of genes for an organism
State the sex chromosomes for a woman?	XX