| Dorothea Dix | mental illness |
| Clara Barton | American Red Cross |
| Linda Richards | Documentation System |
| Mary Ann Ball | Rights and comforts of Soldiers |
| Isabel Hampton Robb | graded system of theory and practice |
| Lavinia Dock | American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools |
| Mary Eliza Mahoney | Acceptance of African American nurses |
| Lilian D. Wald | public health nursing |
| Mary Adelaide Nutting | developed curriculum and guidelines - leader in nursing edu |
| Mary Breckenridge | nurse- midwifery |
| Nightingale | environmental theory : environment is arranged, includes appropriate noise control, nutrition, hygiene, lighting |
| Orem | Self- Care deficit theory : patient is unable to care for themselves - encouragement of gaining self care |
| Leiniger | transcultural theory : caring is central and unfiy domain for practice and knowledge |
| Roy | Adaption model: assessing adaption of client to their health problems and assisting them to adapt |
| Parse | human becoming: nursing as a science and art - focus on humans as a unitary being and humanity's qualitative participation |
| Benner and Wrubel | primary of care model : caring is central - caring as central in stressors of illness |
| good hygiene and sanitation patient observation, accurate record keeping, nutritional improvements and introduction and use of medical devices | nightingale nurses |
| complete record on students progress | nightingale plan |
| Saint Thomas Hospital | london - florence nightingale |
| Lutheran Order of Deaconesses | germany - theodor fliedner |
| Pittsburg Infirmary | first protestant hospital in america |
