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level: Anatomy

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Anatomy

Question	Answer
basic unit of all living things	cell
... forms the boundary of the cell	cell membrane
gel-like fluid inside the cell	cytoplasm
largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally located. It contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is the control center and source of energy production for the cell.	nucleus
...located in the nucleus of the cell	chromosomes
regions within the chromosome.	genes
... comprises each gene; is a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell.	DNA
group of similar cells that performs a specific function	tissue
... composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement	muscle tissue
similarly specialized cells united in the performance of a particular function; found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities	nervous tissue
connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures.	connective tissue
the major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands.	epithelial tissue
two or more types of tissues that together perform special body functions.	organ
large internal organs contained in the body cavities, especially in the abdominal cavity	viscera
group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions.	system
Composed of skin, nails, and glands. Forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temperature, and helps manufacture vitamin D. Which system?	integumentary system
Composed of nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, and lungs. Performs respiration, which provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body. Which system?	respiratory system
Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waste material (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration. Which system?	urinary system
Female ... is composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. Male ... is composed of testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associated tubes. Responsible for heredity and reproduction. Which system?	reproductive system
Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Pumps and transports blood throughout the body. Which system?	cardiovascular system
Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular fluid. Which system?	Lymphatic system
Composed of the gastrointestinal tract which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus, plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste. Which system?	digestive system
Composed of muscle, bones, and joints. Provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the brain, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells. Which system?	musculoskeletal system
Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Regulates specific body activities by sending and receiving messages. Which system?	nervous system
Composed of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones regulate many specific body activities. Which system?	endocrine system
the complete set of genes for all the cells of a specific organism	genome
the study of the genome and its products and interactions.	genomics
the study of the genome and how it can be used to determine the cause, treatment, and prevention of disease.	medical genomics
any therapeutic procedure in which genes are intentionally introduced into human body cells to achieve gene repair, gene suppression, or gene addition.	gene therapy
immature cells found in the bone marrow and peripheral blood.	hematopoietic stem cells
Hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation may be obtained from the patient are called ... stem cells	autologous
Hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation may be obtained from an identical twin are called ... stem cells	synergetic
Hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation may be obtained from a sibling or other individual are called ... stem cells	allogenic
... are derived from the earliest stage of development of the embryo and have the potential to develop into mature body cells.	embryonic stem cells
cancer involving the white blood cells	leukemia
disease in which there is inadequate production of blood cells	aplastic anemia
cancer that forms a lot of tumors in the bone marrow	multiple myeloma
cancer involving lymphoid cells	lymphoma
(a group of disorders) ... occur when the immune system is not working properly	immune deficiency disorders