| What is meant by "normative social influence may not be detected"? Ao3 | Individuals generally don't recognise the influence that other people's behaviour |
| What is compliance? Ao1 | Someone changes their public view but retain their private in order to gain acceptance from a group |
| What is internalisation? Ao1 | Someone changes both their public and private view |
| What is identification? Ao1 | Someone changes their public and private view in order to associate themselves with a group or become an accepted member |
| Who proposed the three types of conformity? Ao1 | Kelman (1958) |
| What are the three types of conformity? Ao1 | Compliance, internalisation and identification |
| What are the two explanations of conformity? Ao1 | Normative social influence and informational social influence |
| What is normative social influence? Ao1 | Someone believes the are under surveillance by a group and in order to gain acceptance/avoid rejection they conform to the group (need to be liked) |
| What is informational social influence? Ao1 | Someone accepts information from others as true out of the need to be right, normally in ambiguous situations or where others are considered experts (need to be right) |
| What type of conformity would normative social influence normally cause? Ao1 | compliance |
| What type of conformity would informational social influence cause? Ao1 | internalisation |
| What evaluation is there for the types of conformity? Ao3 | Compliance and internalisation are hard to distinguish - someone could comply publicly then later internalise views, or could have views internalised in public but then later change mind and no longer believe the views |
| What evaluation is there for the explanations for conformity? Ao3 | Research support, normative social influence may not be detected, informational influence may be moderated by task |
| What did Linkenbach and Perkins (2003) find in their study supporting one of the explanations for conformity? Ao3 | adolescents exposed to message that the majority of their peers didn't smoke were less likely to smoke supporting normative influence |
| Who found adolescents exposed to message that the majority of their peers didn't smoke were less likely to smoke? Ao3 | Linkenback and Perkins (2003) |
| What did Schultz et al. (2008) find in their study which supported one of the explanations for conformity? Ao3 | Hotel guests exposed to the message that 75% of guests reused their towels daily reduced their own towel use by 25% supporting normative social influence |
| Who found hotel guests exposed to the message that 75% of guests reused their towels daily reduced their own towel use by 25%? Ao3 | Schultz et al. (2008) |
| Who found people exposed to negative belief about African Americans and were led to believe this was the majority opinion were more likely to hold negative views about black people? Ao3 | Wittenbrink and Henley (1996) |
| What did Wittenbrink and Henley (1996) find in their study which supported one of the explanations for conformity? Ao3 | People exposed to negative belief about African Americans and were led to believe this was the majority opinion were more likely to hold negative views about black people supporting informational social influence |
| What did Fein et al. (2007) find in their study that supported one of the explanations for conformity? Ao3 | Judgment of presidential candidates performance could be influenced when people saw the reactions of the other participants on screen during the debate supporting informational social influence |
| Who found that judgment of presidential candidates performance could be influenced when people saw the reactions of the other participants on screen during the debate? Ao3 | Fein et al. (2007) |
| What is meant by "normative social influence may not be detected"? Ao3 | Individuals generally don't recognise the influence that other people's behaviour has on them despite normative influence having a powerful effect on individuals behaviour |
| What did Nolan et al. (2008) find in their study that supports the idea that normative social influence may not be detected? Ao3 | People thought that their neighbors behaviour had had the least influence on their own energy conservation however results showed it had the biggest impact |
| Why may it be the case that people do not detect normative influence? Ao3 | people have views on what should be the biggest motivator of their behaviors so under-detect the influence that normative influence has |
| Who found that people thought that their neighbors behaviour had had the least influence on their own energy conservation however results showed it had the biggest impact? Ao3 | Nolan et al. (2008) |
| What is meant by "informational social influence is moderated by task"? Ao3 | The impact of informational social influence is moderated by task as some tasks are determined by physical reality e.g. the biggest city, which informational influence has little impact, however it has much more impact when determining social realities e.g. the city that is the most fun, which informational influence plays a larger role in |
