| What percentage do forests occupy in total area of the country? | 21.02% |
| What is the target percentage of forest covered land in India? | 33.3% |
| What does natural vegetation mainly depend on? | Rain and relief |
| What is the temperature where "tropical" rainforests are found? | 25 C to 27 C |
| Where do tropical rainforests occur? | Where rainfall is more than 200 cm |
| On what altitudes are tropical evergreen forests usually found at? | 500 m to 1500 m |
| Of what do tropical evergreen forests have dense undergrowth of? | Bamboo , epiphytes , climbers , ferns , creepers etc |
| How tall are the trees of tropical evergreen forests? | about 60 m |
| Why have tropical evergreen forests not been properly exploited? | Cuz of dense undergrowth and lack of transport facilities |
| What are trees like rosewood , ebony and shisham used for ? ( found in evergreen forests) | making high quality furniture |
| What is the nature of trees like rosewood , ebony and shisham? | They are hard, fine grained and durable |
| Where are rosewood , ebony and shisham found? | Kerala , Tamil Nadu and Karnataka |
| What is gurjan wood used for? | making railway sleepers and furniture and also house building |
| Where are Gurjan trees found? | Himalayas , West Bengal and Andaman and Nicobar |
| Species like shisham , rosewood , ebony , gurjan , toon , bamboo, jamun and canes etc are found in which type of forests? | Tropical evergreen forests |
| What is the other name for deciduous monsoon forests? | Tropical deciduous forests |
| What is the temperature range in deciduos forests? | 24 C to 27 C |
| What is the average rainfall received by tropical deciduous forests? | 150- 200 cm |
| When do trees of deciduous forests shed their leaves? | 6-8 weeks during spring |
| Why do trees of deciduous forests shed their leaves? | because sufficient moisture is not available |
| Another reason why trees of deciduous forests shed their leaves? | Because sub soil water is not enough for trees to retain their leaves |
| When do forests of north temperate zone shed their leaves? | autumn |
| How are deciduous forests most important economically? | they yield valuable timber |
| Deciduous trees have what kind of plantation? | Pure stands |
| In what type of forests are mango, sal, teak, mahua, kheir, neem palas tendu, eucalyptus, jackfruit, semul and myrobalan found? | Deciduous monsoon forests |
| What is teakwood usually used for? | furniture, shipbuilding and house building |
| Special feature of teakwood? | termite resistant and iron nails do not rust in it |
| Is salwood hard or soft? | soft and termite resistant |
| In what manner does sal wood trees occur? | Pure stands |
| What is sal wood usually used for? | Railway sleepers and house building |
| What does sandal wood provide? | sandal wood articrafts and carvings |
| Where is sandal wood oil used? | in perfumery and cosmetics |
| Where is sandal wood mainly found? | Karnataka |
| What is the texture of semul? | Soft and white |
| Which wood is used for making matchboxes , toys and packing cases? | Semul |
| Which tree (or fruit idk) is used for tanning leather and dyeing of cotton , wood and silk? | Myrobalan |
| Other than sandalwood , what is an important tree for Karnataka forests? | Eucalyptus |
| What is eucalyptus known for? | lofty status |
| Where is the eucalyptus wood used? | Paper industry |
| Where is eucalytus oil used? | Medicinal purposes |
| Why are deciduous forests easily accessible? | Because they are found in pure stands hence ideal for transport and lumbering |
| What is the average temperature if desert and semi desert vegetation? | 25 C to 27 C |
| How much rainfall do desert and semi desert vegetation receive? | Less than 25 cm |
| Plants which have very thin leave or no leaves at all are called? | Xerophytes |
| What plants mainly occur in desert / semi desert region? | Date palm , Khair , Ber , Babul |
| Another name for aracia-arabica? | Babul |
| Most important tree of desert/ semi desert region? | Babul / ararica-arabica |
| What are khair trees used for? | used as fuel in local regions and tanning hides and skins |
| What is the average temperature of scrub/thorn forests? | 20 C + or 25 C |
| How much rainfall do thorn/scrub forests receive? | 25 cm to 100cm |
| How is the vegetation in thorn/scrubs? | Low scrub and stunted trees , shrubs with long roots and thorns and glossy leaves and spines |
| What are mountain forests based on? | relief |
| What is the average temperature of mountain forests? | Less than 20 C |
| What is the average height of mountain forests? | 1500 m to 3300 m |
| What is the average rainfall received by mountain forests? | 150 cm to 250 cm |
| What do mountain forests consist of? | deciduous and coniferous forests |
| In which zone do the mountain forests occur? | Transition zone of mixed forest and coniferous forest |
| Spruce , Cedar , Eucalyptus , Oaks , Laurel , Bamboo , Poplar birch , Walnuts , Elm and Cinchona are trees in which kind of forests? | Mountain forests |
| Chirpine is used for extraction of what? | Turpentine and resin |
| Why is chirpine also used for making packing cases for tea? | It provides softwood |
| Where is chirpine found? | UP , Kashmir and Punjab |
| What is typical coniferous tree? | Silver fir |
| What is silver fir used for? | packing , making matches , pulp, planking |
| How is the wood of deodar? | oily, durable and scented |
| Where is deodar wood used? | In making railway sleepers and house construction |
| Where are deodar found? | Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir |
| What is pine used for? | resin , turpentine, varnishes and medicine |
| What are the usual shape of leaves of mountain forests? | Needle shaped |
| Another two names for tidal forests? | Mangrove or littoral forests |
| What does littoral mean? | On shore |
| Where do tidal forests occur? | In and around deltas ; areas flooded by sea water |
| What is the average temperature of tidal forests? | 26 C to 29 C |
| How much rainfall do tidal rainforests receive? | More than 200 cm |
| Special feature about trees of tidal forests? | They can survive in fresh AND brackish water |
| How is mangrove vegetation characterised by? | pnematophores |
| What do you mean by pneumatophores? | roots which project outwards to absorb air in swampy/muddy lands |
| What is the condition of roots in tidal / littoral forests? | They are submerged |
| How does this tangled mass of roots help the plant to survive? | helps in shifting mud of coastal region |
| Do trees of mangrove forests yield hardwood? | Yes |
| Sunderban delta has been named after which tree? | Sundari tree |
| What is sundari tree used for? | Boat building |
| Gorjan, hintal, keora, agar , rhizopora, casuarina are trees of which kind of forests? | Mangrove forests |
| What is the effective forests cover? | 12-14% |
| When did the Van Mahotsava programme start? | In 1950 |
| What happens during the Van Mahotsava programme? | all government organizations are supposed to plant trees during the months of July to August |
| Where has jhooming/slash and burn been banned? | North eastern India |
| What is reafforestation? | Two saplings are planted for every fell tree |
| When did the bahuguna's Chipco movement happen? | 1974 |
| A strip of land between two sections of forest cleared to prevent fire | fire line |
