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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
accomplice one who knowingly, voluntarily, and intentionally unites with the principal offender in the commission of a crime as a principal, accessory, or aider or abettor	one who knowingly, voluntarily, and intentionally unites with the principal offender in the commission of a crime as a principal, accessory, or aider or abettor
judicial decision or sentence	adjudication
one authorized to act for someone else	agent
made or done before a marriage.	antenuptial
injunction that stops lawsuits, foreclosures, garnishments, and most collection activities against the debtor the moment a bankruptcy petition is filed.	automatic stay
a complete collection of every document filed in court in a case	case file
one who makes a complaint	complainant
a claim that may be owed by the debtor under certain circumstances, where the debtor is a cosigner on another person's loan and that person fails to pay.	contingent claim
defendant’s claim against the plaintiff	counterclaim
publication of the statement that injures a person’s reputation.	defamation
court action that prevents an identical lawsuit from being filed later.	dismissal with prejudice
pressure; threat of injury or imprisonment	duress
anything that a person owns, whether real or personal property.	estate
evidence presented by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else.	hearsay
permission given by the court to a person to file a case without payment of the required court fees because the person cannot afford legal representation.	in forma pauperis
a judicial officer of a district court who conducts initial proceedings in criminal cases, decides criminal misdemeanor cases, conducts many pretrial civil and criminal matters on behalf of district judges, and decides civil cases with the consent of the parties	magistrate judge
a request by a litigant to a judge for a decision on an issue relating to the case	motion
a person incapable of being sued	non sui juris
removes a prospective juror for no reason stated.	peremptory challenge
waiting; biding time ad.	plea in abatement
temporary.	pro tem
transactions; things that are admissible in court.	res gestae
to abide by decided cases; follow previous law.	stare decisis
the appellate court agrees with the lower court decision and allows it to stand.	uphold
a person called upon by either side in a lawsuit to give testimony before the court or jury.	witness
a lapse in succession during which there is no person to whom title is vested.	abeyance
to set free or discharge from an accusation of guilt of a crime or responsibility for a civil liability	acquit
a term used to describe evidence that may be considered by a jury or judge in civil and criminal cases	admissible
a juror selected in the same manner as a regular juror who hears all the evidence but does not help decide the case unless called on to replace a regular juror	alternate juror
court with the power to review the judgment of a lower court (trial court) or tribunal	appellate court
a trial without a jury, in which the judge serves as the fact-finder.	bench trial
the law as established in previous court decisions (legal precedent).	case law
/ the court officer who oversees administrative functions, especially managing the flow of cases through the court.	clerk of court
anew.	de novo
evidence indicating that a defendant did not commit the crime (clears defendant from guilt).	exculpatory evidence
the party lending the money	mortgagee
now for then; a decree or judgment done now as if to have the same effect as if it were done earlier	nunc pro tunc
nonreal estate; goods; chattels.	personal property
greater weight.	preponderance
set aside as void; to suppress.	quash