| What is Neutral Language Register? | is not necessarily formal or informal
is used to deliver facts
ex.
reviews
articles
some letters
technical writing |
| What is a variety? | refers to any variant of language which can be sufficiently delimited from one another.
xSocial
xHistorical
xSpatial
x Or a combination of these |
| What are the Varieties of Language? | 1 Pidgin
2 Creole
3 Regional Dialect
4 Minority Dialect
5 Indigenized Varieties |
| What is Pidgin? | is a new language which develops in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but do not share a common language.
A "lexifier" is a particular language where the vocabulary of a pidgin comes from.
ex. Nigerian Pidgin, Bislama (spoken in Vanuatu) |
| What is Creole? | is a pidgin that becomes the first language of the children and the mother tongue of a community.
ex. Gullah, Patwa (Jamaican Creole), Pidgin (Hawai'l Creole English) |
| What is Regional Dialect? | is not a distinct language but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country.
ex.
Hillbilly English (from the Appalachians in the USA)
Geordie (from the Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK) |
| What is Minority Dialect? | is a variety of used as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety, by the members of a particular minority ethnic group.
ex.
African American Vernacular English in the USA
London Jamaican in Britain
Aboriginal English in Australia |
| What is Indigenized Variety? | are spoken mainly as a second languages in ex-colonies with multilingual populations.
ex.
Singlish (spoken in Singapore) |
| What is a register? According to Nordquist (2018) | defined as the way a speaker uses language differently in different circumstances
determined by factors as social occasion, context, purpose, and audience
determine the vocabulary, structure, and some grammar in one's writing and even in one's oral discourse. |
| What are the 5 distinct registers? | 1 Frozen
2 Formal
3 Consultative
4 Casual
5 Intimate |
| What is frozen? | it refers to historic language or communciation that is intended to remain unchanged, like a constitution or a prayer.
ex. Holy Bible, The United States Constitution, The Bhagavad Gita, and Romeo and Juliet |
| What is Formal? | is used in professional, academic, or legal settigns where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained. Slang is never used and contractions are rare.
ex.
a TED Talk, a business presentation, the Encyclopedia Brittanica, and Gray's Anatomy by Henry Gray |
| What is Consultative? | is used in a conversation when they are speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or who is offering advice. Tone is often respectful (use of courtesy titles), but may be more casual if the relationship is longstanding or friendly.
ex.
the local TV news broadcast
an annual physical examination
a service provider like a plumber |
| What is Casual? | is used when they are with friends, close acquaintances and co-workers , and family.
ex.
a birthday party
a backyard BBQ |
| What is Intimate? | is reserved for special occasions, usually between only two people and often in private.
ex.
an inside joke between two college friends or a word whispered in a lover's ear. |
| What are the Language Registers Classification? | 1 Formal Language Register
2 Informal Language Register
3 Neutral Language Register |
| What is Formal Language Register? | is a more appropriate for professional writing and letters to a boss or stranger
is impersonal, meaning, it is not written for a specific person and without emotion
ex.
business letter
letter of complaint
some essays
reports
official speeches
announcements
professional e-mails |
| What is Informal Language Register? | is a conversational and appropriate when writing to friends and people you know very well
ex.
personal emails
phone texts
short notes
friendly letters
most blogs
diaries and journals |
| What is Neutral Language Register? | is not necessarily formal or informal
is used to deliver facts
ex.
reviews
articles
some letters
technical writing |
