| The Anavysos Kouros is similar to the Tlatilco figurine in that both:
- were found in burial contexts
- are portraits of specific individuals
- portray a perfect male form
- represents concepts of duality | were found in burial contexts |
| The exterior decoration of the Treasury at Petra attests to the manner in which Nabataean architects were influenced by:
- advanced engineering of imperial Persian architecture
- hybrid animals forms that guarded Assyrian citadels
- monumental entrances of New Kingdom Egyptian temples
- rich ornamentation of Hellenistic architecture | rich ornamentation of Hellenistic architecture |
| The Column of Trajan was built mainly for the purpose of:
- providing a platform for town criers for important public announcements
- serving as a military lookout tower on the edge of the city of Rome
- marking the entrance to Trajan's markets to make them easy to locate
- commemorating Trajan's victories in recent military campaigns | commemorating Trajan's victories in recent military campaigns |
| The seated boxer was created using which of the following techniques?
- Applying thin sheets of metal to a wooden core carved in the shape of the figure
- Lost wax casting to mold bronze into a hollow form of the figure
- Hammering a sheet of bronze into the shape of the figure, then inlaying gold details
- Molding metal into a solid form in the shape of the figure, then adding enamel | Lost wax casting to mold bronze into a hollow form of the figure |
| The architect of the ancient Roman structure shown most likely included octagonal ceiling coffers in the building’s design in order to
- hold the stone blocks that form the vault into place
- improve the natural lighting of the interior space
- reduce the weight of the concrete barrel vaults
- create a series of niches for decorative reliefs | reduce the weight of the concrete barrel vaults |
| In the fresco shown, overlapping forms and architectural elements are used to create the effect of
- asymmetrical imbalance across the composition
- flat, solid forms that emphasize the surface texture of the wall
- a dynamic composition devoid of negative space
- illusionistic spatial depth beyond the wall | illusionistic spatial depth beyond the wall |
| Originally located in a private house in Pompeii, the Alexander Mosaic was likely interpreted by viewers in which of the following ways?
- It functioned as a memorial to the owner's heroic deeds
- It underscored the political aspirations of the elite class
- It exemplified the fears of those who lived near an active volcano
- It conveyed the elevated and learned status of the owner of the house | It conveyed the elevated and learned status of the owner of the house |
| How did the wall paintings from Pompeii (some examples shown above) come to public attention?
- during 18th century archaeological excavations
- during the Visigothic invasion of Italy
- in the aftermath of the bombings of the Second World War
- after the sack of Rome in 1527 | during 18th century archaeological excavations |
| The statue of Augustus of Prima Porta is most similar to which of the following works?
- Doryphoros, Spear Bearer, because its idealized proportions and contrapposto
- Anavysos Kouros because of its Archaic smile and idealized male form
- the statue of Apollo from the Temple of Minerva because of its energetic stride and patterned drapery
- Winged Victory of Samothrace because of its heroic scale and dynamic lines | Doryphoros, Spear Bearer, because its idealized proportions and contrapposto |
| Both statues personify:
- wrath
- sainthood
- death
- victory | victory |
| In designing the forum in which the column stands, Apollodorus of Damascus departed from the design traditions demonstrated in earlier Roman imperial fora by
- excluding any temples or other religious structures
- incorporating the images of the emperor throughout the complex
- citing the forum on the outskirts of the city along the Applian Way
- making the basilica the central building in the public space | making the basilica the central building in the public space |
| The work shown can be attributed to which of the following ancient cultures?
- Roman, because of the scenes of warfare
- Greek, because of the use of red figure painting
- Etruscan, because of the use of terra cotta
- Egyptian, because of the inclusion of mythological figures | Greek, because of the use of red figure painting |
| Both buildings are part of a complex built to celebrate:
- the deification of the Roman emperor
- Athens' domination of the eastern Mediterranean
- the conquests of Alexander the Great
- the end of the Trojan War | Athens' domination of the eastern Mediterranean |
| The artist of the Alexander Mosaic likely intended to celebrate ancient Greek art by
- depicting Athens' triumph over Rome in battle
- reproducing a sculpted relief from a temple frieze
- emulating an earlier painting described in ancient texts
- creating a monumental art work meant to be hung on a wall | emulating an earlier painting described in ancient texts |
| The seated boxer was created in the style associated with which of the following cultures?
- Republican Rome
- Imperial Rome
- Hellenistic Greece
- Archaic Greece | Hellenistic Greece |
| The Temple of Minerva differs from traditional Greek temples such as the Parthenon in that the Temple of Minerva most likely
- had a low-rising, stepped entrance instead of a high podium with a frontal entryway
- was enclosed on all sides by columns instead of featuring only a front portico
- was made of wood, mud brick and clay instead of stone and marble
- featured closed pediments with sculptures instead of open, undecorated pediments | was made of wood, mud brick and clay instead of stone and marble |
| The sculptural program on the stairs leading to the apadana reflect the function of the Audience Hall as the seat of the Persian king by depicting
- portraits of the king combined with bodies of mythological creatures to show the divine nature of the king as a living god
- an important deity handing the insignias of law and authority to the king to demonstrate his legitimacy to rule over the empire
- foreign representatives in various regional attire carrying offerings to represent the various subjugated people who paid tribute to the empire
- a mythological battle between gods and monsters to underscore the role of the king as protector of civilization against barbarism | foreign representatives in various regional attire carrying offerings to represent the various subjugated people who paid tribute to the empire |
| The Pantheon in Rome is believed to have been built as:
- a temple dedicated to the worship of the gods
- a royal audience hall to receive guests and tribute
- a tomb to house the ashes of the emperor
- an imperial forum to commemorate military victories | a temple dedicated to the worship of the gods |
| The citizens of Athens likely responded to the Athenian agora with a sense of:
- solemn respect, because it represented a place where leading citizens were buried.
- enjoyment, because it was primarily a place for elaborate spectacles to entertain crowds
- civic pride, because it represented a place of communal governance and cultural identity
- piety, because it was the central place of the city for religious worship and sacrificial ceremonies | civic pride, because it represented a place of communal governance and cultural identity |
| The use of high relief in the work shown allowed the sculptor to convey
- harmonious proportions
- varied surface textures
- shadows and highlights
- actual and implied lines | shadows and highlights |
| Roman Republican portraiture is characterized primarily by its
- rejection of Etruscan portrait conventions
- unidealized and even exaggerated realism
- use of bronze
- use of polychrome finishes | unidealized and even exaggerated realism |
| Stylistically, the sculpture is an example of which of the following art historical periods?
- Persian
- Hellenistic Greek
- early Roman Empire
- Etruscan | Hellenistic Greek |
| In contrast to the work on the left, the work on the right presents
- an eternal ideal
- political concerns
- a specific moment
- a divine figure | a specific moment |
| Ancient Roman audiences would most likely have responded to the experience of entering the Pantheon in which of the following ways?
- With pride, because the interior contained narrative friezes depicting the Roman army conquering barbarians
- With delight, because the interior originally held a massive cryselphantine statue of Athena
- With surprise, since the vast circular interior is not is not suggested by the columned rectilinear facade
- With reverence, because the dark interior would have been filled with incense and chanting to promote worship | With surprise, since the vast circular interior is not is not suggested by the columned rectilinear facade |
| In order to support the immense weight of the Pantheon's dome, Roman imperial architects used
- a thick-walled rotunded on which a coffered dome rests
- corbeling, by arranging the stone blocks in circular courses cantilevered inward
- pendentives, curved triangular vaults located between the dome and the supporting arches
- eight massive peers to distribute the weight of the dome evenly | a thick-walled rotunded on which a coffered dome rests |
| Originally located in a private house in Pompeii, the Alexander Mosaic was likely interpreted by the viewers in which of the following ways:
- It functioned as a memorial to the owner's heroic deeds
- It underscored the political aspirations of an elite class
- It exemplified the fears of those who lived near an active volcano
- It conveyed the elevated and learned status of the owner of the house | It conveyed the elevated and learned status of the owner of the house |
| On the basis of style and subject matter, the work shown can be attributed to which of the following cultures?
- Susian
- Sumerian
- Etruscan
- Classical Greek | Etruscan |
| The images show two views of the Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater).
The facade decorations of the Colosseum were notable in that
- fences were incorporated as an early form of crowd control
- spolia was included to celebrate victories of the Roman army
- statues of famous athletes were originally dispayed in the niches to attract crowds
- different architectural orders of columns were used to distinguish each level | different architectural orders of columns were used to distinguish each level |
| The Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus demonstrates a change from earlier Roman relief sculpture in its
- attention to classical proportions to shape idealized figures
- repetition of important characters to create a scrolling narrative
- use of shallow relief to highlight abstract geometric forms
- rejection of perspective to create a crowded scene of chaos | rejection of perspective to create a crowded scene of chaos |
| The Treasury of Petra in Jordan reflects the influence of other artistic traditions, which resulted from the importance of trade for Nabataean society through the inclusion of
- an arcade in the imperial Roman style
- vegetal relief sculpture flanking the doorway
- Corinthian columns within the facade
- a band of Egyptian-influence wall paintings | Corinthian columns within the facade |
| In designing the Basilica Ulpia for the Forum of Trajan, Apollodorus of Damascus drew upon ancient Egyptian traditions of the clerestory most likely because a clerestory provided
- an efficient way to illuminate the interior
- tiered seating for spectators and scribes
- an open space that could accommodate large crowds
- niches for displaying statues of the emperor | an efficient way to illuminate the interior |
| The work shown can be identified as a Roman wall painting because of which of the following visual characteristics?
- a sense of motion achieved through dramatic foreshortening
- the inclusion of hierarchical scale to show the relative importance of the figures
- a sense of depth created by placing the figures in an architectural space
- the use of composite pose to represent multiple views of the same subject | a sense of depth created by placing the figures in an architectural space |
| Both statues show an understanding of:
- symmetry
- perspective
- movement
- foreshortening | movement |
| The architectural complex shown is the Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes at Persepolis, built circa
- 3500-3000 BCE
- 1473-1458 BCE
- 118-125 CE
- 520-465 BCE | 520-465 BCE |
| In the Etruscan sarcophagus shown, the reclining figures on the lid are presented through the use of
- high relief model clay painted with polychrome accents
- low relief carved marble stained with natural dyes
- shaped limestone glazed with tinted animal hide glue
- molded plaster embedded with small tesserae | high relief model clay painted with polychrome accents |
| The plan and image are of an ancient temple as it appears today.
The colonnade around the perimeter of the temple is best described as
- an amphiprostyle
- a prostyle
- a peristyle
- an arcade | a peristyle |
| The seated boxer demonstrates a shift in style from earlier depictions of athletes through its
- inclusion of a broken nose and multiple wounds to elicit empathy from the viewer
- combination of an idealized body with an aging face to inspire respect in the viewer
- presentation of specific ethnic traits to create a sense of civic pride in the audience
- execution on a lifelike scale and display of muscular figures to intimidate the audience | inclusion of a broken nose and multiple wounds to elicit empathy from the viewer |
| In the building on the left, the triangular area that had been formed by the roof and the cornice is the
- volute
- lintel
- pediment
- capital | pediment |
| Although the facade of the Treasury of Petra contains many Greek architectural elements, it also departs from Classical Greek architecture in its
- use of figural reliefs instead of free-standing structures
- combination of a columned portico with a pediment
- combination of a broken pediment and tholos
- use of plastered mud bricks instead of pure stone | combination of a broken pediment and tholos |
| Although the Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon was created as a religious structure, analysis of its sculptural program within its original context suggests that the structure also served to
- celebrate an important military victory of the Attalid dynasty
- house the remains of King Eumenes of Pergamom
- celebrate the peace and prosperity enjoyed during the reign of the Emperor Augustus
- memorialize the victory of the Delian League over Sparta | celebrate an important military victory of the Attalid dynasty |
| The metope shown, from the Parthenon, conveys a sense of motion and drama through which of the following techniques?
- off-balance composition that shows the sculptor's technical skill
- figures depicted in composite poses with twisted perspective
- relief so high that some figures project from beyond the picture plane
- veristic presentation of the torso and limbs | relief so high that some figures project from beyond the picture plane |
| The work shown can be attributed to which of the following ancient Mediterranean cultures?
- Archaic Greek
- Etruscan
- Classical Greek
- Hellenistic Greek | Archaic Greek |
| The images show two views of the Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater).
Roman innovations in concrete allowed the builders of the Colosseum to
- create a multilevel freestanding structure with tiered seating that could be constructed quickly
- include a massive velarium, or sunshade, that could be extended or retracted over spectators
- construct a watertight rim around the pit for the purpose of flooding the arena for sea battles
- organize seating according to the differing social status of the spectators | create a multilevel freestanding structure with tiered seating that could be constructed quickly |
| The image shows a detail from a larger sculptural frieze found on the:
- Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamom
- Parthenon on the Acropolis at Athens
- Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus, Rome
- audience hall at Persepolis | Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamom |
| The images show two views of the Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater).
The Flavian Amphitheater became commonly known as the Colosseum because of the
- massive hill that was excavated to prepare the site
- name of the wealthy family that financed the construction
- monumental statue of an emperor that stood nearby
- huge crowds that could be accommodated within the structure | monumental statue of an emperor that stood nearby |
| The artist of the Alexander Mosaic likely intended to celebrate ancient Greek art by:
- depicting Athens' triumph over Rome in battle
- creating a monumental artwork meant to be hung on a wall
- emulating an earlier painting shown in ancient texts
- reproducing a sculpted relief from a temple frieze | emulating an earlier painting shown in ancient texts |
| The inscription “Agrippa” in the entablature frieze was included most likely to reference the
- wife of the emperor who is buried in a crypt beneath the building
- Roman consul who had commissioned an earlier structure on the site
- plague that killed thousands and was the incentive for creating the building
- Roman emperor who led a victorious campaign over invading armies | Roman consul who had commissioned an earlier structure on the site |
| The foreshortening of figures in the Alexander mosaic likely affected viewers in which of the following ways?
- It divided the narrative into a sequence of scenes
- It reminded viewers of the chaos of everyday life
- It resulted in a detached scene that appeared to occur in the past
- It conveyed the climactic moment of a narrative | It conveyed the climactic moment of a narrative |
| The use of over one million small tiles to make the Alexander Mosaic allowed its creator to:
- model the anatomy of the figures naturalisticaly
- modify and transport the composition easily
- depict a disorganized scene that overwhelms the viewer
- reduce the figures into abstract forms | model the anatomy of the figures naturalisticaly |
| The sculptural work originally functioned as a
- cassone
- ciborium
- sarcophagus
- reliquary | sarcophagus |
| The architect of the Pantheon in Rome sought to impress viewers by
- incorporating an unexpectedly large interior space
- placing an enormous cryselephantine statue in the center
- restricting access to the cella by means of a choir screen
- requiring them to circumnabulate the pronaos | incorporating an unexpectedly large interior space |
| The column shown demonstrates the style of which of the following orders?
- Corinthian
- Ionic
- Tuscan
- Doric | Ionic |
| The plan and image are of an ancient temple as it appears today.
The interior of the temple contains
- a tholos
- a cella
- a narthex
- an ambulatory | a cella |
| The exterior decoration of the Treasury at Petra attests to the manner in which Nabataean architects were influenced by the
- hybrid animal forms that guarden Assyrian palaces
- advanced engineering of imperial Persian architecture
- monumental entrances of Egyptian New Kingdom temples
- rich ornamentation of Hellenistic architecture | rich ornamentation of Hellenistic architecture |
| The Audience Hall (apadana) at Persepolis reveals the vastness of the Persian Empire by
- including mythical creatures representing the four corners of the empire
- being situated on a raised platform, with each level assigned to each region of the empire
- being situated on a hill amid temples representing the patron deities of different regions of the empire
- including artistic styes and materials from different cultures ruled by the Persians | including artistic styes and materials from different cultures ruled by the Persians |
| The images show two views of the Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater).
In the work shown, the influence of earlier architecture styles can be seen in the
- an oculus that provided natural lighting for events
- arches that are framed by engaged columns and a lintel
- oval shape that allowed expansive viewing from all sides
- engaged columns that distribute the weight evenly on all sides | arches that are framed by engaged columns and a lintel |
| The depiction of war on the Column of Trajan differs from earlier depictions, such as the one seen in the Alexander Mosaic, in that the narrative frieze on the Column of Trajan
- avoids references to gods to assert the power of the army
- displays merciless violence against a weak and defeated enemy
- emphasizes the methodical power of imperial leadership
- models the peaceful resolution that can be achieved through negotiation | emphasizes the methodical power of imperial leadership |
| Roman viewers would have recognized and responded to the location of the events depicted by the relief sculptures on the column largely because of the inclusion of the
- topographical map of the region sculpted on the base
- scene of the emperor with a procession of Ergastines
- personification of the Danube River of the frieze
- sites of important architectural monuments as points of reference | personification of the Danube River of the frieze |
| The plan shown of a villa near Pompeii demonstrates the inclusion of which of the following elements of Roman domestic architecture?
- an apadana or audience hall
- a small basilica for daily worship
- a peristyle or colonnaded courtyard
- a rooftop garden | a peristyle or colonnaded courtyard |
| The images show two views of the Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater).
Spectators in the amphitheater would frequently have witnessed
- chariots emerging for races from the arched gateways
- orators standing in the arena to give speeches about matters of government
- Christian martyrs being led in from the catacombs below
- gladiators and animals being lifted into view from the substructure | gladiators and animals being lifted into view from the substructure |
| The pose of the statue of the Aphrodite of Knidos can best be described as
- contrapposto
- profile
- oratorical
- composite | contrapposto |
| The work shown can be identified as an ancient Etruscan sarcophagus because of which of the following characteristics?
- the stylized depiction of a couple reclining on a couch as they would have comported themselves as a banquet
- the naturalistic portrayal of a couple's unique features to memorialize them as they would have appeared in life
- the inclusion of a guardian figure to guard the tomb to ensure the safety of the deceased after death
- the presentation of a god alongside the deceased to show that the deceased has journeyed to the afterlife | the stylized depiction of a couple reclining on a couch as they would have comported themselves as a banquet |
| The sculptural work shown can be attributed to Classical Greece because of its
- idealized depiction of the figures within an architectural setting
- propagandistic content using concrete
- sensual portrayal of female deities using wet drapery
- use of veristic portraiture to heighten the emotion of the scene | idealized depiction of the figures within an architectural setting |
| In its naturalistic pose, the seated boxer is most similar to which of the following works?
- the Peplos Kore from the Acropolis
- the Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)
- the kneeling statue of Hatshepsut
- Victory adjusting her sandal | Victory adjusting her sandal |
| Apollodorus of Damascus included which of the following components in his overall design for the Forum of Trajan?
- a sculptural program that included obelisks
- an ampitheater across from the central courtyard
- an adjacent multi-level public market
- a circular temple forecourt | an adjacent multi-level public market |
| The influence of different stylistic traditions that can be seen in the Treasury of Petra reflects the
- vast reach of the Nabatean empire, which united various countries that had different traditions
- repeated conquest of the Nabateans by different countries, resulting in the adoption of foreign traditions
- adoption of a new religious belief system by the Nabateans, resulting in the replacement of older traditions
- central role that long-distance trade played in Nabatean society, resulting in exposure to other cultures | central role that long-distance trade played in Nabatean society, resulting in exposure to other cultures |
| The work shown, The Dying Gaul, can be attributed to the style of Hellenistic Greece because of which of the following characteristics?
- the stylized treatment of the body to make it appropriate for use in a timeless funerary context
- the use of a canon of proportions to produce a perfect male form
- the inclusion of exaggerated signs of intense aging to foster respect for wisdom and experience
- the depiction of the psychological effects of defeat to elicit an emotional, empathetic response from the viewer | the depiction of the psychological effects of defeat to elicit an emotional, empathetic response from the viewer |
