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level: Bandura Experiment (D)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Bandura Experiment (D)

QuestionAnswer
Bandura Theory (further)- How children observe and imitate role models - How they copy behaviours and emotional reactions - Self-efficacy
What the experiment included- 72 children from Stanford university nursery - 36 girls, 36 boys - Behaviour study - 3 groups - aggressive adults, non-aggressive adults, control group -no adults
Matching process- Test children beforehand - Parents and teachers rate out of five their verbal + physical aggression and their control
Phase 1 - Exposure (Aggressive adults)- Models have scripts - Bobo doll in room - Verbal aggression: "pow!" "sock him on the nose" and "stay down" - Physical aggression: punching, kicking and throwing
Phase 1 - Exposure (Non-aggressive adults)- Adults play with tinker toys
Phase 1 - Exposure (Control group)- No adults - Used for baseline to compare the other groups results with it
Phase 2 - Arousal- Exciting new toys in room - Children there for only 30 seconds - Used to give them a reason to display aggression in phase 3
Phase 3 - Performance- Observers are behind mirror - Children are alone - Observing: imitated aggressive and non-aggressive verbal + physical behaviour - Lasts 20 mins - looking every 5 seconds - timed sampling
Independent variables- Gender of model - Aggression of model - Gender of child
Results (Aggressive adults)- Significantly showed more aggression than the other groups
Results (Non-aggressive adults)- NO signs of aggression
Results (Control group)- Showed some signs of aggression but not as much as the aggressive adult group
The experiment and standardisationConditions that were kept the same were: - The room - The script - The actions - The toys
Conclusions- Children will learn though imitation + observation - More likely to learn verbal aggression from the same-sex adult - More likely to learn physical aggression from male models
Type of method and design Bandura used- A mixture of laboratory, field and quasi experimentation - Used the match pair design.
Weakness with the sample- Didn't involve children with different backgrounds - Could react differently
How does the study lack ecological validity- Very controlled - unrealistic - The script is dramatised
Data supporting idea that the children saw physical aggression as male behaviour- ‘That ain't no way for a lady to behave’ - ‘He's a good fighter like daddy’
Data used in study- Bandura used both qualitative and quantitative data - Results showed a significant difference between the conditions
Ethics in the study- The arousal stage is harmful to a child’s self-esteem - Children were not aware of the right to withdraw - But would children of that age understand that concept
Validity of the study- Extraneous variables controlled which reduced validity of research - Has this experiment affected their long-term learning?
Reliability of the study- Highly replicable - The sample was not large enough to establish reliable effects
Sample in the study- Does not tell us anything about how likely adults are to imitate behaviour
Ethnocentric meaning- Using your own culture as the standard by which to judge and evaluate other cultures
Proof of it being an ethnocentric study- The study was carried out in America - America is known for its high levels of gun ownership - Could have influenced aggression
Proof of it not being an ethnocentric study- Research is ethnocentric if the same imitative learning behaviour happens in every culture
The natural side of this debate (NATURE VS NURTURE)- Boys could be naturally more aggressive than girls - A biological explanation would be that boys have testosterone
The nurture side of this debate (NATURE VS NURTURE)- The effect of society on the boys - Society shows acceptance of aggression in boys - ‘That ain’t no way for a lady to behave’ - Lots of parents mould their children to fit in with society’s stereotypical view
Free-will in study (FREE WILL vs DETERMINISM)- Physical aggression seen as male behaviour, shows cognitive aspect of the children’s behaviour - Indicating that children have some free will
Determinism in study (FREE WILL vs DETERMINISM)- Biological determinism - If we accept testosterone levels are linked to aggression - That means the boys would be more aggressive
Usefulness in study- The BBC introduced a Family viewing policy in the 70s which divides the times between children and adult programmes - Social learning theory is used a lot in society e.g. role models in sport or fashion which is controversial