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level: Chaney Experiment (D)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Chaney Experiment (D)

QuestionAnswer
How does the contemporary study improve our understanding of individual, social and cultural diversity? SOCIAL DIVERSITY-
+ Background to the study- Previous research has shown that children will readily imitate behaviour demonstrated by an adult model if the model remains present (Bandura & Hudson, 1961)
Background- Chaney wanted to find out if operant conditioning could be applied in a health setting - Seeing if rewards could be used to increase health behaviours rather than illness behaviour
The Funhaler- Designed to make the children use their inhaler more - It had a toy that would do its best performance when the child's breathing was good
Type of method and design Chaney used- Field experiment - Repeated measures design
Independent Variables- Whether child used standard device – the Breath-a-Tech or a Funhaler - Use of a Funhaler for two weeks
Dependent Variables- The adherence to the inhalers
Method and procedure (before & during study)- Parents questioned on type of inhaler used by their children - Funhaler used for 2 weeks - At various times on a random basis, the parents were asked if they had used the funhaler the previous day
Method and procedure (after study)- At the end of the 2 weeks the parents were given another questionnaire
Sample and participants- 32 children - 22 boys, 10 girls - From Australia aged 1.5 - 6 - Mean age = 3.2 - Average asthma duration: 2.2 years
Data- Quantitative data - Easy statistical analysis of difference - Data doesn’t tell us why there was a difference in attitude and behaviour
Validity- Extraneous variables controlled which reduced validity of research
Reliability- The sample was not large enough to establish reliable effects
Ethnocentrism- Conducted in Australia - Was the Funhaler made to appeal to all children?
Usefulness- Helping us understand how children develop and acquire behaviours - Can improve health behaviours rather than illness behaviours
Links to areas/perspectives- Developmental area - Behaviourist perspective - Operant conditioning, through positive and negative reinforcement - Classical conditioning
Conclusions- Funhaler lead to an increase in use - Devices like the Funhaler can improve health
Interviews and questionnaires showed that- 60% more children took the recommended 4 cycles when using the Funhaler compared with the standard inhaler - Funhaler was used more than standard inhaler
Strengths- Highly controlled - Consent provided by parents, they were briefed on study and ensured confidentiality - High ecological validity as carried out in their own homes
Weaknesses- Self-reports were used, parents maybe bias - Right to withdraw may be questioned - Ethnocentric - results may not be applicable outside of Australia
Similarities between Bandura study and Chaney study- Quantitative data - Young children as participants - Based research on behaviourist principles
Differences between Bandura study and Chaney study (Bandura)- Used observation - Controlled setting - America - Large sample - Equal gender split
Differences between bandura study and Chaney study (Chaney)- Used self report - Natural setting - Australia - Small sample - No equal gender split
How does the contemporary study of improve our understanding of the key theme?- Improves understanding of how this can happen - B study shows how children can learn through social learning + imitation - Chaney study shows another way in which children can learn - reinforcement
How does the contemporary study improve our understanding of individual, social and cultural diversity? INDIVIDUAL DIVERSITY- B showed that males + females imitate behaviour differently, more likely to imitate same sex models - C furthered the understanding of how males and females learn behaviours but did not differentiate between them as Bandura did
How does the contemporary study improve our understanding of individual, social and cultural diversity? SOCIAL DIVERSITY- B explained the causes of behaviour -C focused on how behaviourist theories can be used to improve behaviour
How does the contemporary study improve our understanding of individual, social and cultural diversity? CULTURAL DIVERSITY- C, Australian children, B, America - Suggests that all children, regardless of culture, learn behaviour through reinforcement