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level: Level 1 of chapter 6

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of chapter 6

Question	Answer
jaundice, the discoloration of body tissues caused by what?, is visible when the total serum bilirubin exceeds ___ mg/dL	abnormally high blood levels of bilirubin 2.5mg/dL
(disorder: liver cancer - pathophysiology) the type of primary liver cancer seen most frequently is hepatocellular carcinoma; the other primary tumors are what?	cholangionomas or biliary duct caricinomas
(disorder: liver cancer - pathophysiology) cirrhosis of the liver and infection with what? are high risk factors for primary liver cancer	hepatitis B or hepatitis C
(modes of transmission of the 6 types of viral hepatitis) - hep A: spreads through direct contact through the ____-_____ route usually by ____ or _____ contaminated by ____ - hep B: transmitted by contaminated ____ via ____ _______, contaminated _____, ________, __ ___ ___, and direct contact with ___ ____ from _____ _____ - hep C: transmitted though ________, ____ _________, ____ ______ ____ - hep E: transmitted though the ____-_____ route, spreads through _____ contamination of _____	- hep A: oral-fecal route usually by food or water contaminated by feces - hep B: contaminated serum via blood transfusion, contaminated needles, needlesticks, IV drug use, and direct contact with body fluids from infected people - hep C: needlesticks, blood transfusions, IV drug use, and unidentified means - hep E: oral-fecal route, fecal contamination of water
(disorder: cholecystitis and cholelithiasis - clinical manifestations) acute, with a sudden onset of indigestion, nausea and vomiting and severe, ______ pain in what? quadrant of the abdomen the pain may be referred to where?	colicky pain in the right upper quad the right shoulder and scapula
(disorder: cholecystitis and cholelithiasis - clinical manifestations) pain resulting from this disorder is sometimes mistaken for what? because of the pain that is felt where?	a cardiac problem in the epigastric region and radiating to the back
(disorder: cholecystitis and cholelithiasis - clinical manifestations) when gallstones move through the biliary ducts, the patient often complains of pain being ________	intensified
(disorder: cholecystitis and cholelithiasis - medical management - surgical intervention) treatment of choice is what? (removal of the gallbladder) with legation of what?	cholecystectomy the cystic duct, vein, and artery
(disorder: cholecystitis and cholelithiasis - medical management - surgical intervention) a laparoscopic _________ and open _____ __________ are the two surgical procedures	cholecystectomy abdominal cholecystectomy
(lifespan considerations: older adults) as the body ages, the number and size of hepatic cells _________, which results in an overall reduced what?	decreases size and weight of the liver
(lifespan considerations: older adults) be alert to the signs and symptoms of ____ ________, even when the drugs are administered in normal doses, because the decreased metabolism in the liver can cause what?	drug toxicity accumulation
(disorder: pancreatitis - pathophysiology) _________ and ______ ____ ______ are the two factors most commonly associated with pancreatitis	alcoholism and biliary tract disease
(disorder: cancer of the pancreas -pathophysiology) although once considered relatively rare, pancreatic cancer is now the __th leading cause of cancer death in the US and Canada	4
(disorder: cancer of the pancreas -pathophysiology) a major factor in the high death rate from pancreatic cancer is the difficulty in diagnosing it at what?	an early, curable stage
(disorder: cirrhosis - pathophysiology) increased pressure causes _______ (an accumulation of fluid and albumin in the peritoneal cavity)	ascites
(disorder: cancer of the pancreas -pathophysiology) the normal liver inactivates the hormone __________, but the damaged liver allows its effect to continue	aldosterone
(disorder: cancer of the pancreas -pathophysiology) retention of _____ and ______ results in _______ pressure in _______ _______and lymphatic channels, resulting in ______ ________ ascites is thus a result of ______ ________, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperaldosteronism	fluid and sodium results in increased pressure in blood vessels and lymphatic channels, resulting in portal hypertension a result of portal hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperaldosteronism
(disorder: cancer of the pancreas -pathophysiology) ________ results from an accumulation of ___ ____ under the skin, the result of ________	pruritus results from bile salts under the skin, the result of jaundice