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level: OVERVIEW

Questions and Answers List

level questions: OVERVIEW

Question	Answer
kidney receives ____ of the CO	25%
major components of the CV system	heart blood vessels
it is the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each contraction	stroke volume
it is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute	cardiac output
subcomponents of the CV system	arterial system venous system microcirculation
3 components of microcirculation	arteriole capillaries venules
circulation of blood thru the smallest vessels	microcirculation
passively collect oxygen poor blood from capillaries; unites into veins	venules
serves as stopcock regulating blood flow to the capillaries	arteriole
site of rapid exchange of gas, water, and metabolites between the blood and tissues	capillaries
Blood returns to the heart thru the	IVC and SVC
blood flow from the periphery back to the RA; under steady-state condition	venous return
the venous return must equal the 1)_________ and 2)________ otherwise, the blood/plasma will accumulate elsewhere because the circulatory system is a/an 3)________ system	1 & 2: cardiac output over time 3: closed system
Blood in the right atrium will flow to the right ventricle during	diastole
occurs during ventricular diastole/ventricular relaxation	atrial systole
valve that separates the RA and RV	tricuspid valve
From the RV, blood is pumped to the pulmonary circulation for oxygenation thru the	pulmonic valve
pulmonary artery carries what type of blood to which part of the body?	carries oxygen-poor blood going to the lungs
pulmonary vein carries which type of blood to which part of the body?	oxygen-rich blood back to the heart
carries blood AWAY from the heart	arteries/arterial system
carries blood BACK to the heart	veins/venous sytem
these vessels that behave like the pulmonary vessels	Umbilical arteries (2) and umbilical vein (1)
carries oxygen-poor blood from the body of the fetus going to the placenta	umbilical arteries
carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta going back to the heart of the fetus	umbilical vein
From the LA, blood will flow to the LV thru the	mitral valve
Stroke volume is ejected during cardiac contraction to the 1) _________ circulation; involves the opening of the 2) ________	1. systemic 2. aortic valve
moves the blood along the CVS	pressure gradient
blood flow from the LV is propelled along the circulatory system from a high pressure 1)______ system to a low pressure 2)______ system	1. high pressure arterial system 2. low pressure venous system
True or false: The pressure can reach as low as 0 mmHg when the blood is about to enter the RA	true
Maximal pressure point – corresponds to the	systolic BP (~120 mmHg)
Minimal pressure point - corresponds to the	diastolic BP (~80 mmHg)
Systemic circulation has a relatively 1)______ pressure compared to that of the pulmonary circulation but the pattern is the same because blood is propelled along a pressure gradient from a 2)_____ pressure arterial side to a 3)______ pressure venous side	1) higher pressure 2) high pressure arterial side 3) low pressure venous side
in the _______, there is a minimal functional pressure that allows for movement of substances along the capillary wall while preventing plasma leaks	capillaries
1) _______ has thick vascular wall compared to other blood vessels which tells us that it functions to 2) ______________	1. aorta 2. transport blood under high pressure
the aorta has more 1) ________ tissue than fibrous tissue which means that it is a/an 2)______ artery	1. elastic tissue 2. elastic artery
in contrast with the aorta, has more smooth muscles but still with some elastic tissue	terminal arterioles
The presence of smooth muscles allow the arterioles to function as a stopcock regulating blood flow to the capillaries by either ____________	vasoconstriction or vasodilation
lined by a single-cell thick endothelium, no elastic or smooth tissue, no smooth muscles	capillary wall
the thinness of capillaries tells us that capillaries are a good site for the exchange of 1) ______, 2)_______, 3)_______ between the blood and the tissue	1. fluid 2. nutrients 3. hormones
how do the RBCs flow through the capillaries?	RBCs flow thru the capillary one by one
has the highest blood flow rate	Liver
________ have the smallest blood flow rate	skin and heart