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level: CLINICAL CASES

Questions and Answers List

level questions: CLINICAL CASES

Question	Answer
Hardening of arterial walls (could be normal or pathologic)	arteriosclerosis
causes of arteriosclerosis?	Due to old age (even without fat deposition) because of the loss of elastin => arteriosclerosisDue fat deposition on the blood vessels (pathologic, which could lead to atherosclerosis)
what causes the elevated SBP in arteriosclerosis?	decreased arterial compliance
what happens to the SV in arteriosclerosis?	maintained at normal
what happens to the PP in arteriosclerosis? Increased aortic pressure → increased systolic BP →	increased pulse pressure
happens when the aortic valve is absent or does not close completely	Aortic regurgitation
what happens to the blood in aortic regurgitation?	there’s backflow of blood or regurgitation from the aorta going back to the left ventricle
aortic regurgitation occurs during which phase of the cardiac cycle?	diastole
why does aortic regurgitation occur during diastole?	because the aortic valve is closed during diastole
the maximal pressure or systolic pressure is _____ in aortic regurgitation	increased
what causes the increased SBP in aortic regurgitation?	increased SV
why does SV increase in aortic regurgitation?	- backflow of blood caused by the incompetent valve - volume of blood coming from the left atrium
In aortic reguritation, aortic pressure will ________, thus systolic BP will _______	increase, increase (directly proportional)
The diastolic BP is _______ in aortic regurgitation	decreased
why is the DBP decreased in aortic regurgitation?	incomplete closing of the aortic valve, the blood that has just been pumped into the aorta flows immediately backward into the left ventricle -> the pressure in the aorta will decrease -> the DBP will also decrease
Why is there no incisura in the aortic regurgitation?	simply because there is no closure of aortic valve
the diameter of the aortic valve opening is reduced significantly	aortic valve stenosis
in aortic stenosis, the aortic pressure pulse is________significantly	decreased
why is the aortic pressure pulse decreased in aortic stenosis?	because of diminished blood flow outward through the stenotic valve
one half or more of the blood pumped into the aorta by the left ventricle flows immediately backward through the wide-open ductus into the pulmonary artery and lung blood vessels	patent ductus arteriosus
what happens to the DBP in PDA?	decreased DBP