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level: Level 1

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level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
Define CultureA learned and shared way of life in any society
Further definitionA way of life of a society that is passed on through generations and includes shared norms, values, knowledge, belief and skills.
Define the term high cultureCultural products and activities that are seen to have a very high status. Seen as superior and appreciated by those with a high level of education and social upbringing.
What are some pastimes and pursuits of those that have high culture?Ballet, theatre, fine art, visiting museums, classical music.
What do Maclntosh and Mooney argue?That the upper class work on a system of social closure and they have the power to isolate themselves from the classes below.
How do the upper class work on a system of social closure?Because high culture costs money. E.g private education, healthcare and schooling.
What do Marxists argue about social closure?It is based on our capital. If we have economic, social and cultural capital then we are more able to access high culture.
Define Popular culturethe culture which the majority of society follow. Accessed by the masses.
What does Bordieu argue?The creation of high and popular culture lies with those in power. He argues those who have powered control decide what is high and popular culture.
What does Adorno argue?The masses are socialised to be preoccupied with trivial matters so distracted from social concerns. Adorno is a marxist (like Bordieu) and argues popular culture is there to distract us from more pressing social and political issues.
Define subcultureA subculture is a culture enjoyed by a small group within society i.e. its a minority of a majority culture. They have their own distinct Norms and values.
Examples of subcultures.Punks, hippies, goths , emos
Which study could you use for subcultures?Willis and the schoolboys having their own subculture of not tying hard ion school and following their fathers factory jobs.
What is consumer culture?A culture related to the goods, services and products we consume and use in society. It is a global affair where goods and services are bought and sold across the world.
Which features did Lury (1996) identify of consumer culture?- The availability of a wide range of consumer goods - That shopping is seen as a leisure pursuit - Different forms of shopping are available. - Being in debt is accepted as a social norm - The packaging and promotion of goods is a large scale business.
What does McLuhan argue that global culture is?Global cultures the process which events in one part of the world come to influence elsewhere in the world. More interconnected socially, politically and economically.
What is globalisation?Nations are no longer individual or isolated countries and people are becoming part of one large culture like a 'global village'.
What is an example of global culture emerging?Americanisation
What are the various forces that help create global culture? Discussed by Giddens.- Television -A global economy -Global citizens - International organisations - Electronic communications