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level: Attention: Terminology

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Attention: Terminology

QuestionAnswer
External attentionDeals primarily with desensory events external to the body
Internal attentionDeals primarily with our internally generated thoughts, desires and motivations.
AgencyAbility of an entity to independently act upon the world to create change in order to achieve goals.
Attention systemA framework fo the human brain containing three different systems for alerting, orienting and the executive function.
BrainstemThe region in the posterior part of the braint hat serves to connect the cortex to the spinal cord, its functions include basic physiological processes, as well as the communication of sensory and motor information between brain and body
Top-downConceptually driven processes reflect the influence of higher-order cognitive processes such as thoughts, beliefs, and expectations
Frontal eye fieldFound in the frontal cortex and involved with the generation and control of eye movements.
Bottom-upStimulus, driven processing of incoming sensory information that produces increasingly elaborate and meaningful representations of the input
Dedault mode network (DFN)A network of brain regions that is active when a person is not focused on the external environment.
Cocktail party problemDescrives how we successfully focus on one speaker in a background of noise and other conversations
Early selectionWhen the filter for attention occur early in the stream of information processing
Late selectionWhen the filter for attention occurs late in the stream of information processing. Thus the filter elimiantes some informations that has already been processed.
Central processing unit (CPU)In computing, the central processing unit in the part of a compuates that controls operations and executes commands.
SpotlightThe metaphor of attention where we can think of attention as a spotlight that illuminates locations of interest
Dual-task paradigmArises when one measures performance on two tasks independently and togheter. If performance when performed independently and together is equal, then the two tasks do not compete for resources
Preattentive visual processingCan simultaneously analyse the entire scene and detect the presence of unique features
Binding problemDescribes the issue that although perception works via analysis of separate perceptual features our subjective experience has all these features bound together.
HeuristicA problem solving method that oftens finds a low effort solution but is not guaranteed to solve.
Perceptual learningA type of learning that occurs at low level of processing and includes the development of enhances sensory processing abilities.
Distributed attentionIs reminiscent of preattentive vision and allows rapid statistical analysis of the entire scene.
FeedforwardFeedforward processing secribers a bottom-up process where lower levels of a network progressively stimulate higher levels of the network.
Recurrent processingWithin a network, involves computations that occur in cyclical fashion
Receptive fieldThe receptive field of a neutron indicates the physical space that stimulates the neuron. In vision, it is the region of the visual field to which that neuron is sensitive if stimulated with light.
Change blindnessThe phenomenon where substantial differences between two nearly identical scenes are not noticed when presented sequentially.
Inattentional blindnessThe failure to notice a clearly visible target due to attention being diverted from the target.
AfterimageOccurs when vision of an objects remain after presentation has ceased for example, after staring at a bright light
Continuity editingA film-making technique to produce a smooth continuous experience across changes in camera shot.