| What type of Waves are Electromagnetic Waves? | -They are Transverse Waves |
| What is the Same about ALL the Electromagnetic Waves? Where does it Differ? | -The Speed in Air, or Space, is Always the Same
-In Different Materials however, the Speed changes for them All |
| Why are the Frequencies of the EM Waves Different? | -Taking the Formula Speed=Freq x Wave Length, and knowing that they Travel the Same Speed, [In Air] and also knowing that the Wavelengths are Different across the Board, the Frequency will have to Change
-The Shorter the Wavelength, the Higher the Frequency |
| What are the 7 Continuous Groups? Start from the Biggest Wavelength. | -Radio Waves: WL = 1m-10m⁴ [Biggest but Smallest Frequency]
-Micro Waves: WL = 10-²m
-Infra Red: WL = 10-⁵m
-Visible Light: WL = 10-⁷m [The Only one we can Detect]
-Ultra Violet: WL = 10-⁸m
-X-Rays: WL = 10-¹⁰m
-Gamma Rays: WL = 10-¹⁵m [Smallest but Highest Frequency] |
| What type of Waves is Present from an Electric Heater? What happens in terms of Energy Stores | -This type of is Infra-Red
-Energy Store from the Heater is Passed to the Human Thermal Energy Store via the Infra Red Waves |
| What can happen if EM Waves hit a Boundary? | -They can be:
-Absorbed
-Transmitted
-Refracted
-Reflected |
| Why are Materials the Colour they are? | -This is because not all the White Light is Absorbed, and the ones that aren't Absorbed are Reflected into your Eyes |
| How can Human Health be affected by:
-Radio
-Microwave
-Infra Red
-Visible Light
-Ultra Violet
-X-Rays
-Gamma Rays | -Radio can simply just Transmit few the Body, no Absorption
-Microwave can be somewhat Absorbed, making the Cells heat up
-Infra Red and Visible Light are usually just Reflected or Absorbed by the Skin, having more Heating. IR can Burn the Skin
-Ultra Violet is also Absorbed by the Skin, but due to its Higher Frequency, it can Give more Energy causing more Damage. Electrons can also be Knocked off making Ionising Radiation, which may result in Genetic Mutation and Cancer, so very Bad
-X-Rays and Gamma Rays are also more Ionising, and therefore can Damage Cells even more. They can also Penetrate Deeper Tissues |
| How can you Create an Radio Wave [And therefore Other Waves?]
-What can this Mean? | -Radio Waves are used to Transmit Information, from One Place to Another
-What happens, is that Alternating Currents makes the Charges to Oscillate [Go Up and Down] meaning an Oscillating Electric and Magnetic Filed appear, which is an Electric Magnetic Wave
-This Wave will Obtain the Same Frequency as the Current which Created it, so a Radio Wave can be Made
-EM Waves can also make Charged Particles to Oscillate, so it being in the Circuit can make an Alternating Current with the Same Frequency
-So this means that a Transmitter and a Receiver can Encode Info. |
| What Waves do TV and FM Radio use? What about Bluetooth? | -TV and FM use Very Short Radio waves, as well as Bluetooth using Short Waves to send Data over Short Distances |
| What are Microwaves used for? Why? | -They can Easily Communicate with the Satellites above, as because the Wave can just pass through the Atmosphere
-They can also be used to Cook Food, as it gets Absorbed a few cm in, therefore giving Energy to the Water Molecules in the Food that then makes them Heat Up. That heating Up gives the Molecules Energy [Heat] therefore Cooking the Food |
| What are Infra Red used for? Why? | -Infra Red simply can be used to see the Temperature of an Object - Brighter an Object is = The Object is more Hotter
-IR is also seen in Medical Imaging, as it can see the Increase in Temperatures from Infections, in an Area
-Food can also be Cooked using Infra Red, due to it being Absorbed, heating the Food Up |
| What is Visible Light used for? Why? | -The Obvious, allowing Humans to see Things
-Its also used for Optical Fibres [Send Data over long Distances]
-They simply Bounce the Light off the Sides inside the Narrow Core that takes the Light to the Place
-Telephones, Internet Cables and Medical Purposes use Optical Fibres, and on the Medicine side, it just needs a Small Hole, instead of needing a Major Surgery |
| What is Ultra-Violet used for? Why? | When UV is Absorbed, and Visible Light is Given Off, its called Fluorescence, a Property
-This can lead to Fluorescence Lights, which are Very Efficient Lights for a Long Period of Time
-Security Pens also uses UV, and it can Mark Whose it is when viewed under UV Light
-UV can also damage the DNA in Skin Cells, so being out for a While can Damage the Skin Cells |
| What is X-Rays used for? Why? Can it be Bad? | -X-Rays help seeing the Internet Structure of Objects and Materials, our Bodies Included
-This can help seeing Broken Bones, as because it Absorbed the X-Rays, compared to Flesh which just Transmit it
-Making an X-Rays Image just simply has Detector Plate behind the Object you want to see Inside. Bright Bits = Fewer X-Rays have got Through
-Being Exposed to X-Rays can cause Cell Damage, so being Protected is very Key in it [Lead Aprons, Minimal Exposure] |
| What are Gamma Rays used for? Why? Are they Bad? | -Gamma Rays can be used to Sterilise Medical Instruments, as they can kill Bacteria
-This makes it better than Boiling the Instruments - they may Deform
-Food also can be Sterilised, making it more Safe to Eat
-GR can also be used to kill Cancer, however the Cells may be Damaged so this needs Precaution |
