| gives rise to alums (double salts) | GROUP IIIA or Boron Family |
| Oxidation number of Boron Family | +1, +3 |
| nonmetal
appears only in the +3 oxidation state
certain properties resemble Si
Toxic
Type 1 glass - Parenteral preparations | Boron |
| Boron compounds | 1 Boric acid
2 Sodium tetraborate |
| known as Sal sativum | Boric acid |
| Toxicity of Boric acid | LOBSTER APPEARANCE |
| known as borax
or
Dobell's solution (aqueous solution) | Sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7.10H2O) |
| Boric acid uses:
Sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7.10H2O) uses: | Boric acid:
eyewash (2% w/v – hypertonic; 1.73% w/v – isotonic)
Sodium tetraborate:
antiseptic; eyewash (1%- 2%); wet dressing for wounds |
| most abundant metal
3rd most abundant element
It is also amphoteric | Aluminum (Al) |
| Pharmaceutical uses of Aluminum (Al) | stimulate tissue growth for burn patients |
| known as Cobalt blue, Thenard's blue | Aluminum (Al) |
| Toxicity of Aluminum (Al) and its antidote | Toxicity: Shaver's disease (Bauxite Fibrosis)
Antidote: Deferoxamine |
| Another name for Shaver's disease | Bauxite Fibrosis |
| Natural source of Aluminum | cryolite (3NaF.AlF3) |
| Pharmacologic actions of Aluminum (Al): | 1 constipation;
2 astringent;
3 antiperspirant in deodorant;
4 thin Aluminum foil is used to treat burns |
| Compounds of Aluminum | 1 Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)
2 Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3)
3 Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4)
4 Aluminum carbonate (Al(CO3)3)
5 Alum (KAl(SO4)2).12H2O
6 Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) |
| Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) other name and its uses | Aluminum chlorohydrate
Uses:
1 astringent;
2 antiseptic;
3 antiperspirant;
4 deodorant |
| Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) other names, its effects and its uses | Amphogel; Cremalingel
Effects: Phosphate deficiency (Interferes with phosphate absorption)
Uses: Antacid |
| Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) other names, and uses | Phosphagel
Uses: antacid
Note: Does not cause Phosphate deficiency |
| Used for treatment of phosphatic calculi | Aluminum carbonate (Al(CO3)3) |
| Alum (KAl(SO4)2).12H2O uses | 1 Astringent
2 Antiperspirant (deodorant) |
| Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) other names and uses | Alumina
Uses: Treatment of silicosis |
| What is silicosis | Fatal lung disease caused by breathing dust containing crystalline silica particles, a basic component of sand and granite. |
| Aluminum silicates | 1 Kaolin
2 Bentonite
3 Pumice |
| Known as china clay, white bole
native hydrated Al silicate | Kaolin |
| Kaolin uses | 1 adsorbent;
2 dusting powder;
3 for mild diarrhea |
| Known as soap clay, mineral soap, bentonite magma (5%)
native colloidal hydrated Al silicate | Bentonite |
| Bentonite uses | 1 suspending agent |
| porous rock of volcanic origin
complex silicate of Al, Na and K | Pumice |
| Pumice uses | 1 dental abrasive
2 filter medium and dispersing agent (powdered form) |
