| 4 valence electrons
oxidation state: +4 | Carbon Family |
| Carbon Family Manifestations | 1. Crystalline:
graphite and diamond (purest native form)
2. Amorphous:
coal, anthracite |
| widely distributed in nature (free and combined)
nonmetal
can form multiple bonds with itself (catenation) | Carbon (C) |
| Compounds of Carbon | 1 Activated Charcoal
2 Carbon Dioxide
3 Carbonates / Bicarbonates
4 Carbon Monoxide |
| residue from destructive distillation of various organic materials treated to increase adsorptive power | Activated Charcoal |
| Activated Charcoal uses | 1 adsorbent;
2 component of universal antidote |
| also called carbonic acid gas
Most effective respiratory stimulant (CO patient, alcohol) | Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
| Carbon dioxide uses | 1 Respiratory stimulant
2 treatment of persistent hiccups
3 Dry ice for treatment of acne, corns, calluses, moles, warts, eczema |
| Carbon compound used as an
antacids; carbonating agent, effervescent tablet | Carbonates/Bicarbonates (CO3-2, H2OC3) |
| 210x greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen leading to asphyxia then death
odorless; tasteless; colorless | Carbon monoxide (CO) |
| Asphyxia treatment | 1 100% Oxygen
2 Artificial air ( He 80%, O2 20%)
3 Hyperbaric oxygen |
| 2nd most abundant element
does not appear free in nature
forms inert oxide called silica (SiO2) | Silicon (Si) |
| Compounds of Silicon (Si) | 1 Simethicone
2 Silicon dioxide
3 Synthetic amorphous silica (Silica fume and Silica gel)
4 Glass |
| polymer of dimethylsiloxane | Simethicone |
| Simethicone uses | 1 antifoaming agent;
2 antiflatulent |
| Other names of Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and its uses and its effect | Silica; purified siliceous earth
Uses:
1 Adsorbent
2 Clarifying agent
3 Filtering aid
Effect: Silicosis |
| Synthetic amorphous silica: | 1 Silica fume
2 Silica gel |
| prepared by condensation of silica from its vapor phase | Silica fume |
| prepared by hydrolysis of inorganic or organic orthosilicates | Silica gels |
| Synthetic amorphous silica uses | 1 Gas adsorbent
2 Desiccants
3 fillers
4 abrasives |
| prepared by fusing a base (sodium carbonate) and pure silica | Glass |
| Appearance and Characteristics of Glass can be modified by | 1 MnO2 - to mask the blue green color of iron present in silica
2 Boron / Borates - to reduce coefficient of expansion
3 Potassium - gives brown color with light resistant properties
4 Lead - increase refractive index |
| Identify the use of the following:
1 Kaolin
2 Purified Siliceous Earth
3 Bentonite
4 Talc
5 Attapulgite: aka: Polymagma, diatabs, quintess | 1 adsorbent
2 absorbent
3 suspending agent
4 clarifying agent, dusting agent
5 adsorbent |
