| Capillaries do what … | Exchange of gases /nutrients |
| Arteries … | Transports high pressure blood away
from the heart |
| Veins carry | Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
low pressure blood to the heart |
| Aorta | Transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the body |
| Vena Cava | Two veins carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs to the heart |
| Pulmonary artery | Transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the heart |
| Pulmonary veins | Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs |
| Coronary artery | Supplies blood to the heart cells |
| Coronary veins | Remove deoxygenated blood from the cardiac muscle |
| Where is they highest blood pressure ? | In the left ventricle as they is a thicker wall so a stronger contraction |
| Heart deficit in babes | Mixed blood |
| The chordinae tendinae do … | Prevent valves turning inside out |
| Systole = | Contracting |
| Disystole | Relax |
| Pressure in the heart | Pressure in the veins is greater than than in the atrium so the atria fills with blood . Atria contract decreasing volume, increasing pressure . Pressure greater than in the ventricles so av valves open . Blood moves in as they is a pressure gradient . Pressure in the ventricles increases as they fill in with blood . |
| cardiac output eq | SV X HR= CO
sv= stroke volume |
| General circulation system | Renal =kidney
hepatic - liver |
| Structrure of the artery and Vein | - Outer coat
-Muscle and elastic tissue
-Lumen (smaller in artery)
-endothelium |
| Importance of elastic tissue to the arteries | Maintain a high bp when ventricle relaxes |
| Arteries branch into small vessels called | arterioles |
| Function of arterioles | Vasodilation - relaxes to cause widening of arteriole increasing blood supply
Vasoconstriction - contracts to cause narrowing of arteriole reducing bloody supply to capillaries |
| Capillaries adaptions | one cell thick - short diffusion pathway |
| What is an Atheroma | build up of fat and cholestral in the wall of the arteries
which lead to CHD RESTRICT BLOOD FLOW TO <3 |
| What is thrombosis? | Formation of blood clots , block blood vessels in CVD |
| Aneurysm | a balloon swelling in the arteries that may burst leading to excessive blood loss (haemorrhage) |
| What is tissue fluid? | Higher hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary, forces water out of the capillary, Protein/ plasma stay in the capillary so water potential falls. Hydrostatic pressure falls die to friction water moves back into the blood via osmosis in venous end and lymph system collects excess t fluid |
