| What does it mean gross motor development, fine motor development-give the examples | gross motor
-
fine motor |
| What are the parts of physical examination? | general state
physical development
psychomotor development
skin
lympnodes
muscles
bones and joints
head
neck
chest
abdomen
urogenital organs
neurological examination |
| What measurements have to be taken to asses general state? | Vital signs
-HR
-BP
-breathing rate
-temp |
| Demonstrate, how we examine general state. Comment it , assuming that a patient is healthy | general impression
CNS condition (level of consciousness, alert and oriented)
Respiratory condition (respiratory rate, NO dyspnea)
Cardiovascular condition (HR, BP, NO tachycardia or bradycardia, NO cyanosis, edemas)
Vital signs (HR,BP,breathing rate, temp)
General state good
VIDEO! |
| How do we divide the physical examination? | General (general state, physical development, psychomotor development, skin, lymphnodes, muscles, bones and joints)
Detailed (head, neck, chest, abdomen, urogenital organs, neurological examination) |
| What systems have to be sufficient to say that patient is in good general state? | CNS
Respiration
Cardiovascular |
| Imagine you have found lymph node on the neck of you patient. Describe it | Size
Consistence: soft, tough, cohesive, splashing
Tenderness, pain
Fixed or movable
Skin over lymph nodes- normal, reddish, hot, ulcerous
Location |
| Describe examination of normal skin ( no abnormalities) | Turgor
Color (pink-normal, cyanosis, jaundice, paleness)
Dry?
Skin lesions
Primary morphology (macule, papule, plaque, vesicle, Petechiae, etrc.)
Secondary morphology (crust, scar, , erosion, et,)
Temperature
Hair, nails |
| What are the parameters of physical development assessed during examination? | height/length
weight
head circumference
chest circumference
body proportions |
| What are the elements of psychomotor development? Explain | Gross motor
Fine motor
Speech
Social skills |
| What is gross motor- what are the milestones ? | posture and locomotion
lifting head in prone position (3mo)
• turns from the prone to supine position (6mo)
and inversely (7mo)
• sitting while seated (6-7mo)
• sitting up (8mo)
• standing up (10mo)
• walking with suport (10-11mo), on one’s own
(12mo) |
| What is fine motor- what are the milestones | visual-motor coordination
Newborn: uncoordinated movements, infantile reflexes
• 3 mo: fixing sight, following an object, own hands
• 5 mo: grasping (ape-like grasp), rattling, manipulating with objects
• 7 mo: scissor-like grasp, handling few objects, transferring from one hand to the other, anticipating where to fall when thrown
9 mo: pincer-like grasp, dynamic developement of manual skills
10-11 mo: can ‚draw’, build with blocks, tries to eat on one’s own |
| Describe physical development of 6 mths , 6 years child, use the charts | height/length
weight
head circumference (equal with the chest at 6 month)
chest circumference
body proportions |
| Describe psychomotor development od 6 mths infant, 10 mths infant | 6 month
-gross motor (turns from prone to supine position, sitting while seated)
-fine motor (ape like grasp, manipulating objects)
-speech (cooing)
-social skills (distinguishes between familiar persons and strengers, recognizes mother )
10 month
-gross motor (standing up, starts walking with support)
-fine motor (can draw, built blocks and eat on its oun)
-speech (echolalia, speech understanding)
-social skills (imitates other at play, gives toys) |
| What is the average head and chest circumference in full term new born, when do these circumferences become equal? | Head 2cm larger at birth than chest (34cm 32 cm)
equalls at 6 month |
| What are the methods of physical examination? | inspection
palpation
percussion
auscultation |
| What skin lesions can be found while examination ? | Skin lesions
-Primary morphology (macule, papule, plaque, vesicle, Petechiae, etrc.)
-Secondary morphology (crust, scar, , erosion, et)
Abnormalities:
-pale,
- grey,
-cyanotic,
-reddened,
-yellow: jaudice ( orange shade in unconjugated hiperbilirubinemia, olive- in cholestatic jaudice
-caroten pigmentation( absence of yellow colour on sclera ),
-brown in adrenal dysfunction
-mottled skin |
| Posture failure- give the examples, explain | scoliosis
kyphosis
lordosis |
| What does it mean gross motor development, fine motor development-give the examples | gross motor
- posture and locomotion (walking)
fine motor
-visual motor coordination (eating) |
| 6 month infant girl weighs 7 kg, her length is 65 cm, head circumference is 40 cm chest circumference is 40 cm- assess physical development of this child | the chest to head circumference ratio is appropiate to age
her weight is appropiate to age
her length is appropiate to age |
| What is dyspnoea, what kinds od dyspnoea can be distinguished ? | Dificulty in breathing
Inspiratory - mild
Expiratory - moderate
Mixed - severe |
| What is proper heart rate/respiratory for neonate, infant, preschool child, school child? | neonate 100-180
infant 110-160
preschool 90-140
school child 5-12yr 80-120
school child >12yr 60-100
60 neonate
30-40 preschool
15-20 above 12 |
