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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Which word root refers to the kidneys?	-Reno
Which word root refers to the kidneys?	-Nephro
Which best describes the location of the kidneys?	Retroperitoneal
Which best describes the position of the kidneys?	T12-L3
Which kidney is more superior to the other?	Left
The kidney is directly inferior to which structure?	Adrenal gland
Which of these does not surround the kidneys?	Renal corpuscles
Which of these is not attached to the kidneys?	Uretha
Which region do vessels enter/leave the kidneys?	Hilum
The glomerulus is associated with which nephron structure?	Bowman's capsule
Where does pressure filtration occur?	Bowman's capsule
Where does urine concentration occur in the absence of ADH?	Loop of Henle
Where does urine concentration occur in the presence of ADH?	Collecting duct
Where does selective reabsorption occur?	Convoluted tubules
Where does tubular secretion occur?	Convoluted tubules
Which blood vessel is associated with the renal tubule?	Peritubular capillary
Which blood vessel is associated with the Bowman's capsule?	Glomerulus
Pressure filtration most involves this blood vessel?	Glomerulus
Describes the direction of movement during urine concentration?	loop of Henle → peritubular capillaries
Which blood vessel has relatively high pressure?	Glomerulus
Describes the direction of movement during pressure filtration?	glomerulus → Bowman's capsule
Describes the direction of movement during selective reabsorption?	convoluted tubules → peritubular capillaries
Describes the direction of movement during tubular secretion?	peritubular capillaries → convoluted tubules
When things from the filtrate move from the nephron back into the blood?	selective reabsorption
Process most effected by the antidiuretic hormone?	urine concentration
When waste in the blood is transported to the nephron?	tubular secretion
Which of these is most likely to undergo selective reabsorption?	glucose
Which of these is most likely to undergo tubular secretion?	acids
Which term describes the glomerulus?	fenestrated
Which of these is likely to enter the nephron during the pressure filtration step?	none of these
Which of these is formed from purine catabolism and may cause gout?	uric acid
Which of these is found in urine and is excreted to help maintain blood pH?	bicarbonate
Which of these is formed from amino acid catabolism?	Urea
Which of these is measured in the blood to help measure kidney function?	creatinine
Which of these terms means there is glucose in the urine?	glycosuria
Which of these terms means there is pus in the urine?	pyuria
Which of these might indicate uncontrolled diabetes?	glycosuria
Which of these might indicate a urinary tract infection?	pyuria
Which of these might indicate liver damage?	bilirubinuria
Which of these results from inability to produce ADH ?	diabetes insipidus
Which of these might indicate trauma to the kidney or high blood pressure?	proteinuria
Which of these might indicate a transfusion reaction?	hemoglobinuria
Which of these results in excessive urine formation?	diabetes insipidus
This tube leads from the kidney to the urinary bladder?	ureter
From which structure does the ureter leave the kidney?	renal pelvis
From which structure does the ureter enter the bladder?	ureteral orifice
What moves urine through the ureters?	peristalsis
Another term for kidney stone?	urolithiasis
Which of these is likely to result in a calcium-based calculi?	hyperparathyroidism
Which of these is likely to result in a struvite stone to form?	urinary tract infection
This condition is when urine backs up into the ureter?	hydroureter
This condition is when urine backs up into the ureter and kidney?	hydronephrosis
This term refers to urination?	micturition
This urinary bladder is dorsal to the _______ and ventral to the ________.	pubic symphysis . . . . . uterus
Folds in the wall of an organ that allows for its expansion?	rugae
This type of tissue stretches, allowing an organ to expand?	transitional epithelium
How many tubes are connected to the bladder?	3
The bladder wall is mostly composed of this muscle?	detrusor
Where is the micturition center located?	pons
What gland, in males, is located between the internal and external urethral sphincters?	prostate gland
Which of these is under somatic control?	external urethral sphincter
Which of these is composed of fibrous connective tissue?	Renal capsule
Which of these is continuous with the ureter?	Renal pelvis
Which of these contains the renal corpuscles (glomerulus & Bowman's capsule)?	Cortex
Which of these contain the loops of Henle and the collecting ducts?	Medulla
Which of these contain the renal pyramids and renal columns?	Medulla
This part of the renal medulla contains larger blood vessels and nerves?	Renal column
This structure contains the loop of Henle and collecting duct?	Renal pyramids
This cup-like structure of the renal pelvis receives urine from collecting ducts?	Calyces