SEARCH
You are in browse mode. You must login to use MEMORY

   Log in to start

level: Lecture 5 ( Multilocular Stomach )

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Lecture 5 ( Multilocular Stomach )

QuestionAnswer
Stomach GroovesReticular Groove : extends from cardia to reticulo-omasal opening and is bounded by a right and left lip Omasal Groove : between reticulo-omasal and Omaso-Abumasal opening forming a canal known as "Omasal canal " in the free border Abomasal groove : found in lesser curvature of Abomasum
Multilocular Stomach Consists of :1st Three : Rumen, Reticulum, and Omasum ( Cutaneous or non-glandular mucous membrane ) Last : Abomasum or Proper stomach ( Lined with glandular mucous membrane)
Rumen-Largest part of the Stomach - Extends from Diaphragm cranially to the pelvic inlet caudally - occupies left half of the abdominal cavity
Surfaces of Rumen1 Parietal Surface : related to left abdominal wall, Diaphragm, and spleen 2 Visceral Surface : Related to the omasum, abomasum, intestine, liver, and pancreas
Borders of Rumen1 Dorsal Curvature : Convex, related to left crus of diaphragm and sub lumbar muscles 2 Ventral Curvature : Convex , ventral wall of the abdomen
Surfaces and BordersRumen has 2 surfaces and 2 borders
Rumen RelationsDorsally: Diaphragm and dorsal abdominal wall ventrally: ventral abdominal wall cranially: reticulum and diaphragm caudally: pelvic inlet ( end of extension)
Surfaces of rumen ( Grooves and pillars )https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA8n1Q7olvk 1 Ruminoreticula groove  2 left longitudinal groove and pillar 3 right longitudinal groove and pillar  (Right longitudinal groove with the right accessory groove surrounds an elongated bulge named insula ruminis) 4 left accessory groove and pillar  5 right accessory groove and pillar   6 cranial transverse groove and pillar  7 caudal transverse groove and pillar 8 left dorsal coronary groove and pillar 9 right dorsal coronary groove and pillar  10 left and right ventral groove and pillar ( left and right ventral coronary grooves divide the caudal part into 2 blind sacs)
Interior of RumenThe rumen is lined with cutaneous mucous membrane, Has conical papillae with different sizes and degree of development --> Ruminal papillae
ReticulumSecond compartment of the stomach and is ball in shape
Position of Reticulumit is intercalated between the diaphragm and ventral ruminal sac Dorsally: Diaphragm ventrally: Sternal part of diaphragm left side: caudal part of diaphragm cranially: Diaphragm caudally: ruminal antrum
Interior of reticulumThe mucous membrane has reticular cells which are honeycomb in shape
Function of reticular cellsThey recieve heavy metals and food and soften them
Openings of reticulum1 Rumeno-reticular 2 Reticulo-omasal
OmasumThird compartment of stomach
Position of omasumsituated in the right hypochondriac region at the 7" -11" ribs
Relations of omasumCranially: diaphragm. Caudally and dorsally: intestinal disc. Ventrally: reticulum and abomasum. Medially: ventral ruminal sac. Laterally: liver and right abdominal wall.
Interior of the omasumThe mucous membrane is cutaneous
Omasal lamellaeCrescent folds of various sizes They differentiate in size: small, medium, large Arise from the inner surface of omasum
Number of Omasal laminaNumber of Omasal lamina is 100-130 in OX and 70-80 in sheep
Interlaminar spaceExists between Omasal Lamina
openings of omasum1 Reticulo-omasal 2 Omaso-Abumasal bounded on both sides by two folds of mucous membrane known as Omasal vela or vela abomasica
Abomasum-It is the fourth part of the ruminant stomach -lies on the abdominal floor -located ventral to the omasum and extends caudally on the right side of the rumen.
Curvatures of Abomasumthe greater curvature is directed ventrally and to the lateral, while the lesser curvature faces to the opposite direction.
Surfaces of Abomasumthe parietal surface is related to the abdominal floor and the visceral one is related to the ventral ruminal sac.
Parts of Abomasum (Fundic and pyloric)the fundic part lies in the xiphoid region and the narrow pyloric part is directed caudally and bends dorsally at the right costal arch.
Relations of Abomasum- Dorsally: ventral ruminal sac and omasum. - Ventrally: ventral abdominal wall and costal arch. - Cranially: the reticulum and liver. - Caudally: intestine. - Right side: the diaphragm and costal arch. - Left side: ventral ruminal sac and left abdominal wall.
Openings of Abomasum1 Cardiac opening 2 Rumino-Reticulo opening : joins the rumen with reticulum, guarded ventrally by "rumino-reticular fold" 3 Reticulo-omasal opening 4 Omaso-Abumasal opening : flanked by a fold know as "Omasal vela" 5 Pyloric opening : between abomasum and duodenum, at which the torus pylorus is found
Stomach of Camelcompound multilocular stomach and has four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum.
Rumen of CamelEXTERNALLY: It is divided by a deep transverse groove into small cranioventral sac and large caudodorsal sac. من بره بيبقى مقسوم عن طريق ترانسفيرس جروف 1 Cranioventral sac extends cranially and flattened dorsally , Craniodorsal sac have glandular surfaces ( او الغدد) 2 Caudodorsal sac is large and balloon-like . at it's surface, there's a shallow groove that contains the "left ruminal vessels" -Spleen is attached to the caudodorsal surface INTERNALLY: The ruminal Mucosa is cutaneous mucous membrane , has no ruminal papillae but it's smooth -Thick muscular pillar corresponds to the transverse groove -corresponding to the sacculation , a pocket like cells called ruminal cells (water sac) are present RUMINAL CELLS : -Have glandular mucous membrane at its bottom and gives mucous secretion for liquification of the food -Have primary, secondary, and tertiary ridges at right angle
Reticulum of CamelBean-shaped , has 2 extremities: 1 right one : attached to rumen 2 left one : attached to omasum INTERNALLY has 12 circular and parallel ridges contains in between "reticular cells" RETICULAR CELLS - Divided by secondary and tertiary ridges into smaller parts - Lined by glandular m.m at the walls and bottoms
Omasum of CamelLong and Sausage shaped -Its m.m is lined into 50 longitudinal folds . -some of these folds continue along the entire length of the omasum -Numerous small oblique folds occur on the floor between longitudinal folds. - There is no change in the appearance of the mucous membrane at the omaso-Abomasal junction
Abomasum of CamelIt's a short compartment, - The boundaries between omasum and abomasum is not obvious externally بيبقي شكلهم متصلين ببعض سطحيا -it expands to form a prominent dorsal convexity towards the pylorus (bulbous pylorus part). - Large torus pylori along the lesser curvature at the pyloric sphincter to support its weakness. - The m.m of the fundic region showed convoluted folds parallel to the greater curvature while the pyloric part has a smooth surface