| Antoine Lavoiser | 33 chemical elements |
| Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner | grouped it into triads |
| Leopold Gmelin | identified the 10 triads of the periodic table |
| Jean-Baptiste Dumas | described the relationship between various group of materials |
| Auguste Kekule | observed group of carbons |
| John Newlands | arranged the periodic table according to their increasing atomic weight |
| Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev & Julius Lothar Meyer | published the periodic law – arrangement is in increasing atomic mass |
| Henry Mostly | arranged the modern periodic table – increasing atomic number |
| Alkali Metals | Group IA |
| Titanium Subgroup | Group IV-B |
| Scandium Subgroup | Group IIIA |
| Zinc Group Metals | Group IIB |
| Carbon Family | Group IVA |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | Group IIA |
| Boron Family | Group IIIA |
| Energy required to REMOVE ELECTRON to make it POSITIVE. | Ionization Energy |
| Energy released when ELECTRON IS ADDED to make it NEGATIVE. | Electron Affinity |
| HALF THE DISTANCE between nucleus of 2 atoms. | Atomic Radius |
| Ability of an atom to ATTRACT AN ELECTRON to itself. | Electronegativity |
| 31st most abundant element | Lithium |
| Very good reducing agents | Alkali metals |
| Hydroxides in alkali metals are formed strongly basic except.... | LiOH |
| Essential constituents of all acids | Hydrogen |
| DOC for mania | Lithium carbonate Li2CO3 |
| Lightest metal | Lithium |
| Produces osmotic effect in the body | Sodium |
| Most abundant source of sodium | Halite - Rock salt of NaCl |
| Alkalinizing agent in Benedict's solution | Sodium Acetate (NaCH3COO) |
| Baking soda, sal de vichy, soda saleratus | Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) |
| Cathartic/laxative, treatment of cystitis, urinary acidifier | NaH2PO4 (Fleet enema) Monobasic Sodium Phosphate |
| Also known as Leucogen, most powerful preservative | NaHSO3 (Sodium Metabisulfate) |
| Antidote for Ag poisoning | NaCl (Sodium Chloride) |
| Alkalinizer, buffer, diuretic, expectorant, anticoagulant, use in Denige's test | NaC6H5O3 (Sodium Citrate) |
| Also known as soda ash, manufacturers of glass, paper, and detergents | Na2CO3 (Sodium Carbonate) |
| Alkalinizer, buffer, diuretic, expectorant, anticoagulant, used in Denige's test | NaC6H5O3 (Sodium Citrate) |
| 2% solution of this is used as an anti-cariogenic and for dental fluorosis | NaF (Sodium Fluoride) |
| A saponifying agent, AKA sosa or lye | NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) |
| Bleaching and disinfecting agent, AKA Dakin's solution | NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite) |
| Expectorant, solubilizer in Iodine Tincture, carbonating agent and effervescent | NaI (Sodium Iodide) |
| tx to overdose of class 1 antiarrythmics | C3H5NaO3 (Na Lactate, Sodium Lactate) |
| Antidote for CN poisoning, vasodilator | NaNO2 (Sodium Nitrite) |
| AKA photographer's hypo, prismatic rice, Immediate antidote for CN poisoning, cathartic | NaS2O3 (Sodium Thiosulfate) |
| Preservative, AKA Chile Salt Peter or Peru salt peter | NaNO3 (Sodium Nitrate) |
| Cathartic, AKA Glauber's salt | Na2SO4 (Sodium Sulfate) |
| Prime standard of Karl Fischer titration | Na2C4H4O6 (Sodium Tartrate) |
| 8th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, AKA Kalum | Potassium |
| Flame test of K | Violet |
| Sources of K | Sylvite, Carnalite, Alunite |
| Diuretic, urinary alkalinizer, antacid | KCH3COO- (Potassium Acetate) |
| Laxaative, AKA Cream of tartar, creamor | KHC4H4O6 (Potassium bitartrate) |
| Oldest anti-seizure agent, antidepressant | KBr (Potassium Bromide) |
| Used in manufacturing of glass, AKA potash | K2CO3 (Potassium carbonate) |
| Component of toothpaste, gargles mouth washes due to its oxidizing cleaning, deodorant action | KClO3 (Potassium Chlorate) |
| 10% of this is used in lethal injection, causes hyperkalemia | KCl (Potassium Chloride) |
| KCl antidote | Insulin and NaHCO3 |
| Used in submarine/space craft | KO2 (Potassium Superoxide) |
