| What is sexual reproduction? | Where genetically different cells are produced from two parents |
| What is asexual reproduction? | Where genetically identical cells are produced from one parent |
| What are gametes in animals? | Egg and sperm |
| How many chromosomes do gametes have? | 23 |
| What is meiosis? | Cells dividing to to form 4 genetically different daughter cells |
| Process of meiosis? | Cells duplicates genetic information
Chromosome pairs line up in centre of the cell
Pairs are pulled apart so so each new cell has only one copy of each chromosome
Chromosomes line up again and are pulled apart in second division
Four genetically different daughter cells are produced |
| What do genetic diagrams show? | Possible gamete combinations |
| Where does protein synthesis occur? | In ribosomes |
| Order to write Punnett squares in? | Parent's phenotype
Parent's genotype
Gamete's genotype
Offspring's genotype
Offspring's phenotype |
| What is a phenotype? | Characteristics present |
| Name an inherited recessive disorder | Cystic Fibrosis |
| Name an inherited dominant disorder | Polydactyly |
| What is embryonic screening? | Where genes in embryos are screened for genetic disorders |
| What is selective breeding? | Where humans artificially select plants or animals to breed so that particular characteristics are conserved in the population |
| What is an advantage of selective breeding? | Improves yields (meat) |
| What is a disadvantage of selective breeding? | There is a reduction in the gene pool (different alleles in a population) which leads to less disease resistant alleles |
| What does genetic engineering do? | Transfer genes of desirable genetics from one organism's genome to another's. |
