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level: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question	Answer
Whatever information in the DNA is transferred to mRNA	Transcription
mRNA Goes out of the nucleus then goes to cytoplasm then goes to ribosomes where it will translates the information to tRNA	Transcription
Initiator tRNA attaches to a start codon	Translation
Large and small ribosomal subunits join to form a functional ribosome and initiator tRNA fits into position on the ribosome.	Translation
Anticodon of incoming tRNA pairs with next mRNA codon beside initiator tRNA.	Translation
Amino acid on initiator tRNA forms a peptide bond with amino acid beside it.	Translation
tRNA leaves the ribosome; ribosome shifts by one codon; tRNA binds to newly exposed codon; steps a 3-5 a repeat.	Translation
Protein synthesis stops when the ribosome reaches stop codon on mRNA.	Translation
is a sequence of events in which a body cell duplicates its contents and divides in two	Cell cycle
Human somatic cells contain ____ pairs of chromosomes	23 pairs
The two chromosomes that make up each pair are	homologous chromosomes
Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes and are called	diploid cells
the cell is not dividing	interphase
The cell replicates its DNA, resting phase	Interphase
Consists of three phases, G1, S, and G2, replication of DNA occurs in the S phase	Interphase
Does not undergo mitosis	G0
Example of cell that does not undergo cell division	Neurons
attacks different phases and slows down the process	Anticancer drugs
consists of a nuclear division (mitosis) and a cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis) to form two identical cells	Mitotic phase
exit from cell cycle (nondividing cell)	G0
cell metabolically active; duplicates organelles and cytosolic components; centrosome replication begins	G1 phase (8-10 hours)
DNA replicated	S phase (8 hours)
cell growth continues; enzymes and other proteins are synthesize; centrosome replication completed.	G2 phase (4-6 hours)
- the chromatin fibers change into chromosomes.	Prophase
microtubules align the centromeres of the chromatid pairs at the metaphase plate.	Metaphase
the chromatid pairs split at the centromere and move to opposite poles of the cell; the chromatids are now called chromosomes.	Anaphase
two identical nuclei are formed around the identical sets of chromosomes now in their chromatin form	telophase