| What did Geiselman and Fisher create? | 4 main ways to retrieve infofmation from witness, to make eyewitness testimony more reliable and enhance retrieval of information |
| Name the 4 techniques for cognitive interview | Change seqeunce
Change perspective
Report everything
Reinstate context |
| What is the purpose of changing the sequence ? | Makes it harder to lie, stops from saying what is expected |
| What is the purpose of changing perspective ? | Stops them from ebing biased and a more accurate recall |
| What is the purpose of report everything? | Details that the witness thinks that might not be important could be. Can trigger new information. |
| What is the purpose of reinstate context? | Trigger memories due to context and state dependent cues |
| What are the 6 techniques for enhanced cognitive interviews? | Asking open questions
Making the interview setting calm
Avoiding interruptions
Minimise distraction
Encouraging the person to speak at their own pace
Advised as to when to use and break eye contact |
| What was the aim of Geiselman and Fisher's study? | To investigate the effectivness of the cognitive interview |
| What was the procedure of Geiselman and Fisher's study? | Ppts viewed a film of a violent crime and interviewed by policeman 48 hours later. Some were interviewed with techniques of cognitive interview, some had standard interviews and some with hypnosis |
| What were the findings of Geiselman and Fisher's study? | Averaage correctly recalled facts:
-Cognitive, 41.2
-Standard 29.4
-Hypnosis 38.0 |
| Weaknesses of Geiselman and Fisher's study? | -Low ecological validity, lack of mundane realism
-Lack of standardised procedure, 48 hours could mean something can happen |
| A weakness of cognitive interview? | Not all elements are as important as one another
Milne and Bull used a combination of all elements, found that reinstate the context and report everything - produced better recall than any other elements
Shows that cognitive interivw as a whole might not be as effective
Cast doubt on credibility of overall cognitive interview |
| A weakness of cognitive interview | Time consuming and expensive
Time to create a good rapport with witness. Expensive due to training for specialist skills
Underfunding of police, means that they dont have enough money to make the officers train
Makes it difficult for cognitive interview to be used frequently in a real life application and not realisitc |
| A weakness of cognitive interview? | Contradictory evidence that suggests that it isn't effective
Kohnken found that there was an increased amount of inaccurate recall, even with enhanced cognitive interview method
Means that police and law enforcement have to be cautious when using evidence, could be inaccurate
Suggests that cognitive interviews don't always lead to successful recall. |
