| codon | code for one amino acid building block in a protein |
| cell life cycle | growth development and division |
| interphase | cell growth and development phase before division |
| protein synthesis | grow and develop by making proteins that give organisms RNA and DNA |
| DNA replication | cell does not end up with only half of the required amount of DNA |
| checkpoint | newly replicated DNA is checked for errors before the cell divides |
| DNA | gives living things traits and characteristics |
| RNA | uses DNA's instructions to make proteins |
| nucleotide | monomer building block |
| sugar phosphate backbones | each strand of double helix DNA |
| base pairing | hydrogen Bonds connect the nitrogen bases to form double helix |
| types of RNA | messenger, ribosomal, transfer |
| ribosomes | read and interpret mRNA copy of DNA genetic code to make instructed protein |
| where ribosomes are made and located | rough endoplasmic reticulum organelle and in the cytoplasm of the cell |
| gene | codes for a protein |
| transcription | sends copy of DNA instructional code making ribosomes outside of the cell |
| translation | translate mRNA copy of DNA code to make instructed protein |
| what makes lipids? | smooth er |
| newly build mRNA carries | matching copy of DNA instructional code |
| mRNA from nucleus is sent through | ribosome organelle |
| codon | code for one amino acid building block in a protein |
| down syndrome | trisomy 21 |
| down syndrome is caused by | duplication |
| mutations | random changes in DNA base letters, genes, or chromosomes |
| some mutations help us adapt and evolve | true |
| translocation | part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another |
| DNA replication occurs so when the cell divides each new cell does not en up with half the required amount of DNA | true |
| in the cells___ an enzyme unzips double helix DNA | nucleus |
| if an error is detected, but can't be corrected, the cell will either not divide or it may actually ____ | self-destruct |
| while still in the nucleus, the two new sets of DNA begin to condense into Chromatin and eventually into separate structures called _____ | chromosomes |
