| Chromosomes are created by - | additional enzymes during Transcription that make copies of DNA, and then split |
| The steps for translation are - | rRNA reads the mRNA by three nucleotides nitrogen bases (codons) at a time, codons serve as the code for amino acids in proteins, |
| Chromosomes are created by - | additional enzymes during Transcription that make copies of DNA, and then split |
| protein synthesis | proteins are created to give the cell it's characteristics from RNA and DNA |
| DNA replication | DNA is copied when a new cell is created |
| Checkpoint | newly replicated DNA is checked for errors before the cell divides |
| DNA is: | the instructional genetic code that directs the creation and formation of proteins in a cell |
| RNA is: | functions from the DNA, and creates the proteins |
| Nucleotide is: | Deoxyribose Sugar found in DNA, Ribose in RNA, Phosphate, and Nitrogen bases |
| Base pairing | hydrogen bonds connect different chemicals that form RNA, the process takes place in the DNA |
| sugar phosphate backbones | The double-helix strands that DNA has |
| protein macromolecules | traits are expressed by proteins, hormone messengers, transportation of substances, enzyme proteins speed up reactions, |
| amino acids: | monomer building block, different proteins have different functions because they have different amount of amino acids |
| Types of RNA: | mRNA, tRNA, rRNA |
| Transcription | where messager RNA, mRNA, is made, which sends the DNA's instructions to a Ribosome organelle outside the nucleus |
| Translation | where ribosomal RNA, rRNA, translates the instructional code of DNA, and makes the instructed protein |
| ribosomes - | make proteins |
| ribosomes are located in on the ---- | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| The steps of transcription are - | Enzyme unzips DNA, mRNA is created by matching RNA nucleotides with the DNA strand |
| Why is mRNA needed instead of just DNA itself? | mRNA is small enough to leave the nucleus |
| Base pairing rules for DNA are | C - G and A - T |
| Base pairing rules for RNA are | C - G and A - U |
| The steps for translation are - | rRNA reads the mRNA by three nucleotides nitrogen bases (codons) at a time, codons serve as the code for amino acids in proteins. transfer RNA, tRNA, distributes the correct amino acids to each codon on the mRNA strand based on matching anti-codon, ribosomes link the amino acids together and they detach and become a protein |
| what macromolecules are also hormone chemical messengers | lipids and proteins |
| proteins provide ---- | structure |
| proteins express ----- | traits |
| proteins like enzymes will ----- | speed up reactions |
| proteins ______ substances | transport |
| base pairing will ---- | connect nitrogen bases |
| RNA is ____ stranded | single |
| ribosomes are made by the | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| nucleotides make up | codons |
| carcinogens cause | cancer |
| mutations can be | good or bad |
| down syndrome is a ______ mutation type | duplication |
| sickle cell anemia is a ________ mutation | substitution |
| if an error in a cell cannot be corrected, the cell will | self destruct |
| when a cell self destructs, it is called ___ | apoptosis |
| DNA will condense into -- | chromosomes |
| what a DNA strand is replicated, there is an ____ and ____ strand | old, new |
