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level: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF DRUGS

Questions and Answers List

level questions: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF DRUGS

Question	Answer
Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis	1 Penicillins 2 Monobactam 3 Carbapenems 4 Cephalosporins 5 Polypeptide Antibiotics
They have a beta lactam ring which is its nucleus	Penicillins
Natural Penicillins	1 Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) 2 Penicillin V (Phenoxymethylpenicillin)
A drug of choice for rheumatic heart disease and syphilis Injected Intramuscular and rapidly excreted from the body in 3 to 6 hours	Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin)
They can retain the concentration of penicillin up to 24 hours and concentration peaks in 4 hours	Procaine / benzocaine penicillin
Retention time is about 4 months the concentration of drug is so slow because the organism must be very sensitive to the drug	Benzathine penicillin
They are drug for streptococci, staphylococci and several spirochetes However, they are narrow spectrum and are susceptible to penicillinase	Penicillin V & G
Penicillinase-resistant Drugs	1 Methicillin 2 Nafcillin 3 Isoxazoyl Penicillins (Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxaciliin)
Aminopenicillins are broad or narrow spectrum	Broad spectrum
Aminopenicillins/Antistaphylococcal Penicillin types	1 Ampicillin (Parenteral) 2 Amoxicillin (PO)
Extended Spectrum/Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins types	1 Carboxypenicillin (Carbenicillin and ticarcillin) 2 Ureidopenicillin (Piperacillin, Azlocillin, Mezlocilllin)
The first semi synthetic design to evade the action of penicillinase	Methicillin
It causes Interstitial Nephritis	Methicillin
many strains of ___ strains developed resistance to methicillin which is called ___	staphylococcus, MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)
Bacterium that causes infection in different parts of the body and is tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus because it is resistant to some commonly used antibiotics	MRSA
To replace Methicillin because of MRSA, there are 4 developed antibiotics, these are	1 Nafcillin 2 Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin 2 (BEST ABSORBED ORALLY)
They have poor GI absorption if given orally They have Prodrugs	Ampicillin (Parenteral)
Ampicillin prodrugs	Hetacillin, Bacampicillin, Cyclacillin
Ampicillin is also combined with	sulbactam
Meaning they are made to avoid undesirable effects during absorption, it also improves bioavailability, metabolize into pharmacologically active drug and converted into ampicillin after metabolism	Prodrugs
are competitive inhibitor of penicillinase, they are only added to compete with penicillinase provided by enzyme and they do not have antibacterial activity	1 Sulbactam, 2 Clavulanic acid 3 Tazobactam
Known as co-amoxiclav	Amoxicillin (given by mouth) + clavulanic acid
It is given if the patient is resistant with ampicillin and amoxycillin They are very effective especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Carboxypenicillin
Ureidopenecillin types	1 Piperacillin 2 Azlocillin 3 Mezlocilllin
This is the most potent Ureidopenicillin and commonly combined with Tazobactam	Piperacillin