| negative feedback control | a regulatory mechanism in which a 'stimulus' causes an opposite 'output' in order to maintain an ideal level of whatever is being regulated |
| negative feedback control | a regulatory mechanism in which a 'stimulus' causes an opposite 'output' in order to maintain an ideal level of whatever is being regulated |
| What is homeostasis? | the maintenance of stable internal conditions in living organisms |
| 4 examples of homeostasis | blood water concentration, blood sugar, temperature, blood pH |
| normal human body temperature | 37 degrees celcius |
| Where do we get the energy to stay warm? | food (aerobic respiration) |
| What is in your body core? | brain, heart, lungs, digestive system, kidneys |
| What is in your body shell? | skin, fat, muscle, limbs |
| Why is arm temperature greater than hand temperature? | it's closer to the body core |
| Why does body temperature need to be kept at 37 degrees celcius? | vital organs might not function otherwise - you could die |
| What does a thermoreceptor moniter? | blood temperature |
| What part of the brain contains thermoreceptors? | hypothalamus |
| Where else other than the brain can you find thermoreceptors? | the skin |
| What 3 effectors are used in the human response to overheating? | sweat glands, small arteries in skin, hair erector muscles |
| sweat glands in the human response to overheating | the water in sweat is evaporated using heat energy on the skin, this has a cooling effect |
| small arteries in skin in the human response to overheating | they dilate to carry blood very close to skin surface so it appears red, heat is lost by radiating energy to the surroundings, this is called vasodilation |
| hair erector muscles in the human response to overheating | they relax so hairs lie flat on the skin and they do not keep a layer of insulating air |
| What are the effectors involved in the human response to cooling? | sweat glands, small arteries in skin, hair erector muscles, skeletal muscles |
| sweat glands in the human response to cooling | no sweat is produced so heat is conserved |
| small arteries in skin in the human response to cooling | vasoconstriction - they constrict to keep blood away from the skin so it appears blue, little heat is lost by radiating heat to the surroundings |
| hair erector muscles in the human response to cooling | contract so hairs stand on end and trap a layer of insulating air |
| skeletal muscles in the human response to cooling | contract and relax to cause shivering which generates heat to warm the body |
| negative feedback control | a regulatory mechanism in which a 'stimulus' causes an opposite 'output' in order to maintain an ideal level of whatever is being regulated |
| What is thermoregulation? | the maintenance of a set temperature in organisms |
