| Where and how are fat soluble vitamins transported? | Carried by lipoproteins through the lymphatic system (before entering the bloodstream) |
| What water soluble vitamin can be stored for ~5yrs? | Vitamin B12 |
| Vitamin C names: (2) | Ascorbic Acid
Dehyrdoascorbic Acid |
| Which type of vitamin C is reduced? | Ascorbic Acid |
| Which type of vitamin C is oxidized? | Dehydroascorbic Acid |
| if you lose electrons, you are _________ (oxidized/reduced) | oxidized |
| What transports reduced vitamin C? | SVTC 1 and 2 |
| What transports oxidized vitamin C? | GLUT 1 and 3 |
| how long without vitamin C will you begin to be deficient? | ~20 days |
| Plants and animals can synthesize vitamin C through which pathway? | Uronic Acid Pathway |
| What enzyme do humans lack that prevent us from synthesizing Vitamin C? | Gulonolactone oxidase |
| Vitamin C RDA for adults (women/pregnant) | 75 mg/day
increases during pregnancy |
| Vitamin C RDA for men | 90 mg/d |
| Vitamin C RDA for smokers (Male and Female) | male: 125mg/d
Women: 110 mg/day |
| upperlimit of Vitamin C | 2000mg/d |
| Which food source has the greatest amount of vitamin C? | Acerola Cherry |
| Food sources of vitamin C? | Leafy greens, citrusy fruits |
| What are not good sources of vitamin C? | animal products |
| How does Vitamin C effect fertility? | Vitamin C is an antioxidant and by killing free radicals can increase sperm count |
| What are the scientific names of Fe+2 and Fe+3? Which is better absorbed? | Ferrous (Better absorbed–Fairest of them all)
Ferric (non-heme, plant based) |
| Vitamin is reabsorbed in the ________ through _________ | Kidney
SVCT 1 |
| Bioavailability when intake is 100mg/d VS 1000mg/d | 80-90%
50% |
| What reduces Vitamin C absorption? (9) | Pain killers
Usage of antibiotics
Fever
Alcohol
Stress
Aspirin
Viral sickness
Estrogen birth control
Smoking
PUFA SAVES |
| Functions of Vitamin C: (5) | Antioxidant
increase Non-heme absorption
cholesterol--> bile
Vitamin E regeneration
decrease allergies |
| What does Vitamin C help to synthesize? (4) | folate
carnitine
collagen
tyrosine |
| What is carnitine? | A protein structure that transfers fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation |
| What is tyrosine used for? | metabolism of neurotransmitters |
| Vitamin C in the immune system: (3) | 1) production of leukocytes
2) Stimulates chemotaxis and phagocytosis
3) T cell creation/decrease T cell apoptosis |
| Diseases aided by Vitamin C? (5) | CVD
Common Cold
Cataracts + ARMD
Cancer
Diabetes |
| Deficiency in Vitamin C can cause ______ which is known for these 3 symptoms: | Scurvy:
-hemorrhage around hair follicles
- bleeding gums
- impaired wound healing |
| Toxicity of Vitamin C can cause (4) | -Abdominal Pain (osmotic Diarrhea)
-Kidney stones
-impaired leukocytes
-Hemochromatosis |
| What is hemochromatosis | toxicity of iron |
