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level: Level 1 of ANTI INFECTIVES

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of ANTI INFECTIVES

Question	Answer
__ introduced antiseptic principles for use in surgery and post traumatic injury in the year __ He used __ = hand wash, spray on incision site, bandages apply to wounds Resulted to the decreased in __	Joseph Lister, 1867, Phenol (carbolic acid) post surgical infections
1 chemicals to kill one type of organism while not harming another. 2 stain target cells selectively and has anti microbial properties	1 “Selective toxicity” 2 Antibacterial dyes and anti parasitic organic arsenicals (Paul Ehrlich 1881)
1 He discovered salvarsan 2 Other names of salvarsan 3 Salvarsan is used as __ 4 His work led to the development of __	1 Paul Ehrlich (1881-1900) 2 “Magic bullets” : “Compound 606”: 3 Antisyphilic 4 sulfonamides and penicillins
1 Product of selective toxicity It is the study and use of chemical agents that are selectively more toxic to the invading organism Cure on an infectious diseases without injury to the host 2 Chemotherapy Modern Day: __	1 CHEMOTHERAPY 2 Cytotoxic drugs used to treat cancer
1 In the 1920's Anti-infective agents were based on Group __ 2 Treatment for Sleeping Sickness 3 Antifungal dyes in 1920's	1 Group IIB –Mercury and Group VA: Arsenic and Antimony > heavy metal toxicity 2 Atoxyl (sodium arsanilate and arsphenamine) 3 Gentian Violet and Methylene Blue
Classified according to chemical type of compound, biological property and therapeutic indication	ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
ANTI INFECTIVE AGENTS 1 derived from natural sources or semi-synthetically prepared. 2 produced from synthetic substances. 3 anti infective agents that are used locally 4 -cidal = __ 5 -static = __	1 Antibiotics 2 Antimicrobials 3 Germicides 4 antiseptics that KILL 5 prevent growth of microorganisms when applied to living tissue
Must have low-enough toxicity, used directly on skin or wounds Exert rapid and sustained lethal action against microorganisms (narrow or broad spectrum) Must have low surface tension so that it will spread on the wound Should retain activity in the presence of body fluids Non irritating to tissues, non allergenic Lack systemic activity when applied to skin or mucous membrane (bacitracin, polymyxin, silver sulfadiazine, neomycin) Not interfere with healing	ANTI-SEPTIC
Agent that prevents transmission of infection by the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms when applied to inanimate objects.	DISINFECTANT
Ideal disinfectants:	1 exerts rapidly lethal action against all potentially pathogenic microorganisms and spores 2 Good penetrating properties into organic matter 3 Shares compatibility with organic compounds (soaps) 4 Not inactivated by living tissue 5 Noncorrosive 6 Aesthetically pleasing (non staining and odorless)