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level: Easy

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Easy

Question	Answer
due to decresed hemoglobin production	microcytic anemia
Hemoglobin composition	heme + globin
Heme composition	iron+ protophorphrin
Most common type of anemia	iron deficiency anemia
Most common nutritional deficiency in the world	iron deficiency
transports iron across the cell membrane into the blood	Ferroportin
transports iron in the blood and delivers it to liver and bone marrow macrophages for storage	Transferrin
Binds intracellular stored iron and prevents iron from forming free radicals via the Fenton reaction	Ferritin
primary cause of iron-deficiency anemia among elderly in the developing world	Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
primary cause of iron-deficiency anemia among elderly in the Western world	Colon polyps/carcinoma
most common type of anemia in hospitalized patients	Anemia of chronic disease
sequesters iron in storage sites in times of chronic inflammation	Hepcidin
anemia due to defective protoporphyrin synthesis	Sideroblastic anemia
Where does the final reaction of heme synthesis occur?	Mitochondria
ALAD and Ferrochelatase inhibitor	Lead
cells with iron-laden mitochondria forming a ring around the nucleus of erythroid precursors	Ringed sideroblasts
Most commonly seen side effect of isoniazid leading to sideroblastic anemia	Vitamin B6 deficiency
anemia due to decreased synthesis of the globin chains of hemoglobin	Thalassemia
globin composition of HbF	α2γ2
globin composition of HbA	α2β2
globin composition of HbA2	α2δ2
major cause of α-thalassemia	gene deletion
major cause of β-thalassemia	gene mutation
Skull x-ray finding in Thalessemia and sickle cell anemia shown in the picture	Crew-cut appearace
Two most common causes of macrocytic anemia	Folate or Vitamin B12 deficiency
In what part of the small intestine is folate absorbed?	Jejunum
this drug is a folate antagonist whose main mechanism of action is to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase	Methothrexate
protein that binds Vitamin B12 when it is liberated by the salivary glands in the mouth	R-binder
detaches vitamin B12 from the R-binder	Pancreatic proteases
binds Vitamin B12 in the small intestine	intrinsic factor
segment of the small intestine where the vitamin B12-IF complex is absorbed	ileum
cells that produce intrinsic factor	gastric parietal cells
most common cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency	pernicious anemia
autoimmune destruction of parietal cells	pernicious anemia
inherited defect of RBC cytoskeleton-membrane tethering proteins	Hereditary spherocytosis
Test which reveals increased spherocyte fragility in hypotonic solution	osmotic fragility test
fragments of nuclear material in RBCs which emerges after splenectomy	Howell-Jolly bodies
autosomal recessive mutation in beta chain of hemoglobin	Sickle cell anemia
replaces the normal glutamic acid in sickle cell anemia	valine
acquireid defect in myeloid stem cells resulting in absent glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)	Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
What segment of the small intestine does iron absorption occurs	duodenum