| conversion of of the bilaminar embryo into trilaminar embryo | gastrula stage (gastrulation) |
| rectum (large intestine) | hindgut |
| matrix of cartilage | chondroblast |
| what are the 2 areas of hindbrain? | metencephalon and myelencephalon |
| outer layer of blastocyst | trophoblast |
| inner layer of blastocyst | embryoblast |
| give rise to the placenta | trophoblast |
| responsible for implantation of the blastocysts during the formation of embryo | trophoblast |
| where does implantation happen? | endometrium |
| Implantation of blastocyst by the presence of the trophoblast increasing the amount of _ _ _ _ _ _ to destroy the portion of the wall of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. | enzyme, endometrium |
| involved in development of embryo | embryoblast |
| In differentation of the morula into a blastocyst the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is involved in maintenance. | trophoblast |
| what are the two layers of cell created by embryoblast? | ectoderm and endoderm |
| In what stage you can see the ectoderm and endoderm? | blastula stage |
| in between of ectoderm and endoderm | mesoderm |
| having 3 layers of germinal cells | trilaminar embryonic disk |
| having 2 layers of germinal cells | bilaminar embryonic disk |
| will give rise to the formation of CNS | neural tube |
| what are the two structure that will rise in ectoderm? | neuroectoderm and surface ectoderm |
| In ectodermal region where does the continuous proliferation happen in the ectoderm? | lateral area of the ectoderm |
| the continuous proliferation will cause elevation and it will known as? | neural plate |
| It will continue to elevate and will cause the formation of? | neural fold |
| the neural groove will become the? | neural tube |
| neural tube will give rise to? | CNS (Brain and spinal cord) |
| What are the 3 sections of brain? | forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain |
| What are the two derivation of forebrain? | telencephalon and diencephalon |
| telencephalon will give rise to? | cerebral hemisphere |
| diencephalon will give rise to? | thalamus and hypothalamus |
| what is the 1 area of midbrain? | mesencephalon |
| what does the mesencephalon gives rise? | aqueduct |
| what are the 2 areas of hindbrain? | metencephalon and myelencephalon |
| the metencephalon will give rise to? | pons and cerebellum |
| the myelencephalon will give rise to ? | medulla |
| In rhombencephalon the segmented are called? | rhombomeres |
| What are the cells that will not join the neural tube which detaches itself from ectoderm once it is fused? | Neural crest cells |
| Will not join the neural folds and they will remain as individual cells | neural crest cells |
| neural crest cells will give rise to? | ectomesenchyme cells |
| It can be seen in the neck and head region? | ectomesenchyme cells |
| matrix of cartilage | chondroblast |
| fibres | fibroblast |
| tooth/dentin | odontoblast |
| bones | osteoblast |
| cementum apart from the tooth | cementoblast |
| melanin pigment | melanoblast |
| defense | Schwann cells |
| will give rise to sensory neuron, sympathetic neuron and motor neuron | neuroblast |
| the fusion of the neural fold will give rise to? | surface ectoderm |
| surface ectoderm is composed of | hair, skin, nails, eyes, nose, ears |
| eyes will start to form in? | lens placode |
| where does the lens placode located? | lateral aspect of growing embryo |
| In mesoderm it composed of 3 parts | paraxial, intermediate, lateral plate |
| In Mesoderm ( paraxial) segment called? | somites |
| The somites eventually diverge into? | sclerotome, myotome, dermatome |
| vertebral column and vertebral disks | sclerotome |
| muscles | myotome |
| dermis of the skin | dermatome |
| forms the progenitor cells that constitute the cavities that covers the membrane, circulatory system, respiratory system and spleen | Lateral plate |
| kind of mesoderm that generates the urogenital system the kidneys, the gonads, and their respective duct systems. | intermediate mesoderm |
| the development involves the formation of embryonic segments called somites. | paraxial mesoderm |
| would cause the formation of embryo and some part of the embryo to be faster and some to be slower | law of an equal growth |
| part of the embryo that the formation of embryo is slower | tail region |
| part of the embryo that the formation of embryo is faster | head region |
| the structure of the developing embryo from a flattened disks with the growth and proliferation of ectoderm and mesoderm shape formed (oval) | endoderm |
| this will give rise to primitive gut and the future digestive system | endoderm |
| rapid longitudinal growth of CNS | cephalocaudal folding |
| rapid growth of somites | lateral folding-transverse folding |
| what are the 3 primitive guts of endoderm | foregut, midgut and hind gut |
| boundary of buccopharyngeal membrane and anterior intestinal portal | foregut |
| boundary of anterior intestinal portal and posterior intestinal portal | midgut |
| boundary of posterior intestinal portal and cloacal membrane (caudal region) | hindgut |
| upper digestive tract | foregut |
| small intestine (ascending) | midgut |
| rectum (large intestine) | hindgut |
| firm attachment of ectoderm and endoderm | precaudal plate |
| The precaudal gives rise to the endodermal layer of the? | buccopharyngeal membrane |
| head of an organism | cephalic |
| near the tail | Caudal |
| start the formation of ears? | otic placode |
| the otic placode will continue to invaginate and it will become? | otic pit |
| otic pit will become (also known as eardrum)? | otic vesicle |
| cloacal membrane divides into two: | urogenital membrane and anal membrane |
| correct sequence in embryonic development is | Fertilization → Zygote → Cleavage → Morula → Blastula → Gastrula |
| when a 1 cell embryo starts developing into a multicellular organism (mitotic cell division) 16 cell mass | Cleavage stage |
| The embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres | morula stage |
| 32-cell stage of division, the embryo is known as _______ that contains inner cell mass (embryoblast) and outer cell mass (trophoblast). | blatula stage |
| conversion of of the bilaminar embryo into trilaminar embryo | gastrula stage (gastrulation) |
| morula stage | morula stage |
| Infolding of region of cells (ball being poked) | Invagination |
| Future mesoderm cells | Mesenchyme Cells |
| Indentation of the blastodisc where the epiblast cells move towards the midline and form a ridge | Primitive Streak |
| The formation of organs, immediately following or overlapping with gastrulation. -Occurs by interaction of cells within and between the 3 germ layers | Organogenesis |
| Formation of the Neural Tube. The plate folds in on itself creating a neural groove, the groove continues to fold and forms the neural tube. The Notochord, located just below the neural tube is very important for inducing its formation. | Neurulation |
| -Flexible rod located along the dorsal midline in the embryos of all chordates -Invertebrates, this is later replaced by the vertebral column -Forms from the mesoderm | Notochord |
| Cells of the neural plate fold together to form a long hollow cylinder. -Goes on to become brain and spinal cord -On top of notochord | Neural Tube |
| Mesoderm sheets on either side of the notochord separate into rounded regions called ____? -The segmented blocks are called ___? -They form in an anterior-posterior wave w/ regular periodicity -Transient structures Ultimately give rise to skeleton, muscles and connective tissues | Somitomeres/ Somites |
| Forms external tissues | Animal pole |
| Forms internal tissues | Vegetal Pole |
| Cells from the three primary germ layers interact in various ways to produce the organs of the body. In chordates, ___ begins with formation of the notochord and the hollow dorsal nerve cord in the process of neurulation | Organogenesis |
| The zygote rapidly divides into many cells with no overall increase in size. ______ ends with formation of a blastocyst which varies in structure among animal embryos. Each cell is a blastomere. | Cleavage |
| Lining of digestive and respiratory tracts -Liver -Pancreas -Thymus/Thyroid | Endoderm |
| Skeleton -Muscles -Circulatory system -Gonads/Testes -Kidneys -Dermis of skin | Mesoderm |
| Lining of digestive and respiratory tracts -Liver -Pancreas -Thymus/Thyroid | Endoderm |
