| What is CU2+ really | Cu = central metal ion
H20 = LIGANDS join with central ion by coordinate bonds
[Cu(H2O)6] |
| What is a complex metal ion | surrounded by ligands |
| What is a ligand | a molecule which donates pair of electrons to the central ion forming a cooridinate bond ( dative covalent) |
| what is a coordinate bond | a shared pair of electrons between 2 atoms where both electrons come from the same atom |
| What is the coordination number | the total number of coordinate bonds formed between the ligand and central metal ion |
| What types of ligand are they | Monodenate - forms 1 coordinate bond with the central metal ion (H20. NH3, Cl-)
Bidentate- form 2 coordinate bonds ( C204- the two o2)
Multidentate - 6 coordinate bonds |
| What shape is when it has 6 coordinate bonds | octrahedral 90 degrees |
| What shape is when they is 4 coordinate bonds | Tetrahedral 109.5
square planar 90 |
| What is stereoisomerism | same structural formula but different arrangements of ions |
| types of stereoisomerism in trans | cis (same ligand on top/bottoms)
trans ( Ligand on bottom and top like Z shape)
Optical |
| What is an optical isomer | non SUPERIMPOSABLE MIRROR IMAGES OF EACH OTHER |
| What is cis platin in medicne used for | Anti cancer drug by stopping cell division |
| What is ligand substitution in copper complexes | (CU(H20)6 2+ with excess amonia (4NH3) makes CuNH3(4)H202 +4H20
4 water ligands swap with ammonia ligands
PALE BLUE TO PURPLE |
| (CU(H20)6 2+ with 4Cl- ( excess hydrochloric acid ) | All 6 water ligands are substituted for 4CL-
colour change
is pale blue to yellow |
| Chromium with excess ammonia | [CR(H20)3+] + 6NH3 = [Cr(NH3)6]3+ + 6H20
ALL 6 water subs
violet to purple |
| Ligand substitution in the haemoglobin | Haemoglobin has coodinate bond with oxygen that deposts oxygen
but co2 can easily bond as well so results in death |
| Precipitate reactions colour changes | [Cu(H20)6]2+ + 2NH3 = [Cu(OH)2(H20)4] + 2NH4+
Cu2+ + 20H- = Cu(OH)2
pale blue to blue |
