You are in browse mode. You must login to use MEMORY

level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Rudolf Virchow	Zoonoses term given by
diseases that transmit between animals & humans & vice-versa	Zoonoses are
based on etiological agent; based on epidemiological features; based on the nature of the reservoirs; based on the animals involved; based on the physical condition; based on type of transmission	Give the different methods of classification of zoonoses
bacterial, viral, protozoal, rickettsial, helminthic, fungal, ectoparasites	Classification based on the etiological agents
bacterial- anthrax, brucellosis; viral- KFD, Rabies; fungal- aspergillosis, ringworm; helminthic- taeniasis, hydatidosis (echinococcus); ectoparasites- myiasis, scabies; rickettsial- murine typhus, Q fever	examples of zoonoses based on etiological agents
anthropozoonoses, zooanthroponoses, amphixenoses	classification based on the nature of reservoirs
the diseases that transmit from lower vertebrates to humans, eg- brucellosis, rabies	anthropozoonoses
diseases that transmit from humans to lower vertebrates, eg- diptheria, amoebiasis	zooanthroponoses
diseases that can transmit both ways- humans to animals & vice-versa, eg- tuberculosis, staphylococcal infection	amphixenoses
direct zoonoses; cyclozoonoses; metazoonoses; saprozoonoses	classification of diseases based on the epidemiological features
direct zoonoses is the disease that transmits from lower vertebrate to humans via direct contact, mechanically thru a vector without any development, propagation or both types- direct anthropozoonoses- from animals to humans like rabies, brucellosis direct zooanthroponoses- from humans to animals- tuberculosis, diptheria direct amphixenoses- both side transmission- streptococcosis, staphylococcosis	direct zoonoses types & what it is (with examples)
the disease in which there's more than one vertebrate host required for completion of life-cycle (no invertebrate host involved) like- JE, cysticercosis, leisamniasis, trypanosomosis.	cyclozoonoses
obligatory- human involvement is necessary for completion of life cycle of the pathogen like taeniosis (measly pork/ measly beef) non-obligatory- human involvement isn't required or is just accidental like hydatidosis ( Echinococcus granulosus)	types of cyclozoonoses
requires both vertebrate & invertebrate hosts for life-cycle completion, the agent may develop (developmental), multiply (propagative) or do both (cyclopropagative) in the invertebrate host.	metazoonoses
based on the no. of invertebrate & vertebrate hosts involved- subtype I- 1 invert, 1 vert. (japanese encephalitis- Culex tritaeniorhynchus, yellow fever- Aedes aegypti) subtype II- 2 invert, 1 vert. (paragoniomosis- snail, crab) subtype III- 1 invert, 2 vert (Clonorchiosis/ chinese liver fluke- snail, fish, humans) subtype IV- trans ovarian transmission in invert, 1 vert (KFD- deer tick, humans)	types of metazoonoses
requiring non animate objects for transmission, development or both like fasciolosis, botulism	saprozoonoses
sapro-anthropozoonoses like erysipeloid ( human involvement is accidental) sapro-amphienoses like histoplasmosis sapro-meta-anthropozoonoses like fasciolosis	types of saprozoonoses
wild (rabies, KFD); pet (ornithosis, ringworm); lab (lymphocytic choriomeningitis); fish-borne (salmon poisoning)	classification based on animals involved
urban (rabies, leptospirosis); rural (worm infections, brucellosis); occupational (wool sorter's disease, sugarcane worker's disease)	classification based on physical condition
skin/hide/hair borne- anthrax; meat borne- trichenellosis; milk borne- TB, capmylobacteriosis; food borne- samonellosis, streptococcosis; vector borne - a. mechanical- anthrax b. biological- dirofilaria immitis, yellow fever, trypanosoma cruzi in bugs c. trans ovarian- KFD d. transstadial- lymes disease	classification based on the type of transmission
the diseases that are maintained in the wild in wild animals like rabies, KFD	sylvatic zoonoses
diseases that occur in animals, transmit to humans and then back to animals like Tuberculosis	reverse zoonoses
diseases that occur due to xenotranplantation like rabies, TB	xenozoonoses