| The components of desktop computer are typically housed in a hard case:
-Common case size:
-and is typically connected via: | wire or wireless |
| The early supercomputer research, development, and production was done by? | Cray Corporation or one of its affiliates |
| Supercomputers are used primarily in work such as: | defense and weaponry, weather forecasting, advanced engineering and physics, and other mathematically intensive scientific research applications. |
| Supercomputers are designed primarily for? | analysis of scientific and engineering problems and for tasks requiring millions or billions of computational operations and calculations, must be processed at superfast speeds |
| The supercomputer is truly a world class (known as)? | "number cruncher" |
| Supercomputers are first developed by? | Seymour Cray in 1972 |
| The largest type of computer
First developed by Seymour Cray in 1972
Are huge and expensive
Provides computing power for the high-performance computing and communication (HPCC) environment | Supercomputers |
| The components of desktop computer are typically housed in a hard case:
-Common case size:
-and is typically connected via: | wire or wireless |
| The most common fast, large, and expensive type of computer used in large businesses (including hospitals and other large healthcare facilities) for processing, storing, and retrieving data
It is a large multiuser central computer that meets the computing needs large and medium sized public and private organizations.
always have very high processing speeds (calculated in millions of processes per second, or, or MIPS, or in floating point operations per second, or FLOPS)
are used for processing the large amount of repetitive calculations involved in handling billing, payroll, inventory control, and business operations computing. | Mainframes |
| A mainframe is capable of processing and accessing how many characters of data or mathematical calculations per second? | billions (GB) |
| Mainframes are more defined by the following characteristics: 3 | Their ability to process the massive throughput needed for high volume business transactions and business office operations. |
| Mainframes are more defined by the following characteristics: 2 | Complex engineering to support long term stability with high reliability, allowing these machines to run uninterrupted for decades |
| Mainframes are more defined by the following characteristics: 1 | Their extensive input and output capabilities to support their multiuser environment |
| The machines and software that process transactions in high volume businesses are known as? | transaction processing systems (TPS) |
| The computers on carts are often referred as "WOWs" for? | workstation on wheels |
| The computers on carts are often referred as ("WOWs" or) "COWs" for? | Computer on wheels |
| The components of desktop computer are typically housed in a hard case:
-Common case size:
-and is typically connected via: | Common case size: 2 ft long by 6 to 10 in wide (width)
wire or wireless technology to a keyboard, monitor, mouse and printer |
| Handheld computers: Limitations: | -Expansion possibilities
-Ability to serve as full participants in the office network
-Peripherals they can support |
| Handheld computers: popular handheld device:
-Provides calendar, contacts and note-taking functions
-May provide processing, spreadsheet and variety of other functions | Personal digital assistants (smallest) |
| Handheld computers: A RISC processor is a "???", which means it is a special purpose processor | Reduced Instruction Set Computer |
| As of 2014, these (RISC) processors are ??? that use the RISC architecture | 32 bit microprocessors that use the RISC architecture |
| Handheld computers:
Processors for most smartphones, tablet and other small powerful devices are made by? | Advanced RISC Machines Ltd. (ARM) |
| The three most common (RISC processors) are the: | -Apple Corporation's iPhone and iPad using the iOS operating system
-smartphones, and tablets using the Android operating system (owned by Google Corporation); and the
-Windows operating system for smartphones and tablets from Microsoft Corporation |
| Handheld computers: RISC processors: Is are closed and proprietary | Windows operating system (OS) and iOS |
| Computer power: is a unit of data in the binary numbering system | A bit |
| Computer power: means two, so a bit can assume one of two positions | Binary |
| Computer power: A bit is an ON/OFF switch:
-ON equals to what value?; and
-OFF equals? | On equals the value of 1 and OFF equals 0 |
| Computer power: That unit (binary) describes a single character in the computer, such as the letter A or the number 3, and is called a? | byte |
| Computer power: there are how many different combinations of 0 and 1 in an 8-character (or 1-byte) unit | 255 |
| Computer power: The size of a variety of computer functions and components is measured by? | how many bytes they can handle or store at one time |
| Computer power: In the mid-1970s, the PCs on the market were typically sold with a main memory of between? | 48 and 64 KB |
| Computer power: Most computers in 2014 are how much GB of main memory? | 5 to 16 GB of main memory |
| Handheld computers: RISC processors: Is an open source operating system | Android system |
| Handheld computers: popular handheld device:
-Ubiquitous
-Replaced wristwatches, pocket calendars, and other personal items people used to keep their lives organized
-Provides constant connectivity and access to Internet and telephone functions
-Can synchronize with other technology and provide automatic support for such things as the use's calendar. | Smartphones |
| Computer power: In 1970s, external devices stored about?
-At this time, home computers were not sold with internal hard drives
-When the user turned on the computer, they had to be sure the operating system (OS) diskette was in the disk drive, or the computer could not work | 1,500 KB |
| small, special function computers, although a few "full function" handheld computers were introduced in the late 1990s
Some have claimed to have almost the same functionality and processing capabilities as a laptop or notebood | Handheld |
| Computer Power: Another important selling point of a computer in the size of the hard drive that is installed in the box:
Late 1999, how many space on the hard drive? | 6 and 20 GB |
| Computer Power: Another important selling point of a computer in the size of the hard drive that is installed in the box:
In 2010, Laptop computer was sold with a how many GB- hard drive | 200 GB, 500 GB hard drive |
| Computer Power: Another important selling point of a computer in the size of the hard drive that is installed in the box:
By 2014, most laptop computers were advertised with how many storage of hard drives? | 1 to 2 terabytes |
| Computer speed: The four types of cycles, or operations of a CPU, include: 1: | Fetch |
| Computer speed: The four types of cycles, or operations of a CPU, include: 2 | Decode |
| Computer speed: The four types of cycles, or operations of a CPU, include: 3 | Execute |
| Computer speed: The four types of cycles, or operations of a CPU, include: 4 | Store |
| Computer speed: The four types of cycles, or operations of a CPU, include: 1-4 | Fetch
decode
execute
store |
| Computer speed: The CPU speed is measured in?
Which is called? | The CPU speed is measured in cycles per second,
which is called the clock speed of the computer |
| The basic operations of the CPU are called?
It takes time to perform these | cycles |
| Computer speed: One million cycles per second is called? | 1 megahertz |
| Computer speed: They can be slow (cycles in basic operations of the CPU) if? | their processors have insufficient speed for the work they are required to process |
| True or False: Computer speed: Clock speeds have improved over time: | True |
| Computer speed: Clock speeds have improved over time: In 2010, computers had how many cycles? | 1.8 to 3 GHz |
| Computer speed: Clock speeds have improved over time: The higher the clock speed processed by the CPU, the? | faster and (in one dimension) the more powerful the computer |
| Computer speed: Clock speeds have improved over time: Clock rate can be misleading since? | different kinds of processors may perform a different amount of work in one cycle |
| Computer speed: Clock speeds have improved over time: A cycle in a CISC computer may take longer than that for a specialized type of computer called a? | Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) |
| True or False: Computer speed: Clock speeds have improved over time: Clock speed is not one important measure of the power of a computer | False, clock speed is one important measure of the power of a computer |
| Is a set of cooperative interconnected computers for the purpose of information interchange | A network |
| computers designed to support a single user are called?
much smaller and less powerful than a mainframe, they were designed to be used by one person at a time.
Also available as portable or laptop computers, and as notebook, tablet and handheld computers | microcomputers or personal computers (PCs) |
| Network hardware: A subset of WANs includes: | the metropolitan area networks (MANs) that support and connect the many buildings of local governmental agencies or university campuses |
| Network hardware: The most important components of network hardware are the: | adapter or interface card, cabling, and servers |
| Network hardware: The role of hardware in a network is to? | provide an interconnection between computers |
| Network hardware: Network hardware: For a computer to participate on a network, it must have at least? | two pieces of hardware |
| Network hardware: is a computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network.
Provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network | Network Interface Card (NIC) |
| Network hardware: PCs and workstations on LANs typically contain a ??? specifically designed for the LAN transmission technology, such as | Ethernet |
| Network hardware: most home and portable computers connect to the internet through: | modems on an as-needed dial-up connection |
| Network hardware: The modem provides? | the connection interface to the internet service provider |
| Network hardware: The oldest network interface (or "adapter card") is an? | Ethernet card |
| Network hardware: what modems are used more often today? | Wireless network modems |
| Network hardware: NIC: There exist other options such as: | arcnet and serial-port boards |
| Network hardware: The choice of NIC depends on the? | communication medium |
| Network hardware: Communication medium: Distance: Short distance for? | Wireless |
| Network hardware: Communication medium: Distance: Longer distance: | fiber-optics, telephone lines, and satellite transmission are used |
| Network hardware: Communication medium: Amount of data to transfer: Large amount of data like video are best handled with? | coaxial cables and through satellite communications |
| Network hardware: Communication medium: Amount of data to transfer: Smaller amounts of data are best handled through the? | other wire types, such as twisted pair copper wire and optical fiber |
| Network hardware: Communication medium: How often transfer is needed: works best for locally wired networks that are used constantly by a very limited number of users | Coaxial networks |
| Network hardware: Communication medium: Availability: depends on: | cost, transmission speed, number of users (who might clog up the system), and weather conditions (satellites) |
| Network hardware: Supports geographically dispersed facilities, such as the individual grocery stores in a national chain | WANs (Wide area network) |
| Network hardware: Usually supports the interconnected computer needs of a single company or agency | A LAN |
| The networks of greatest interest include: | Local area network (LAN)
Wide area network (WAN)- network of networks |
| Computer speed: A billion cycles per second is called? | 1 gigahertz |
