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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
1 Preparations in disperse systems are referred to as the __ 2 the vehicle used is the	1 Dispersed Phase 2 “Dispersing Phase” or “ Dispersion Medium"
are usually solid materials that are insoluble in the dispersion medium	Dispersed Phase
1 The dispersed phase may be small air bubbles throughout a solution or an emulsion 2 this results in the dispersion of liquid drug as fine droplets throughout the dispersing phase.	1 Aerosol 2 Emulsification
These are dispersions containing coarse particles usually 10 to 50 µm. • Examples are suspensions and emulsions. • greater size have a greater tendency to separate from the dispersion medium	Coarse dispersions
for oral use are oils> less density than the aqueous >tend to rise toward the top of the preparation.	emulsified liquids
Dispersions containing particles of smaller sizes about 0.5 to 10µm. • Magmas and gels	Fine Dispersions
May be defined as preparations containing finely divided drug particles (suspenoid) distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a vehicle in which the drug exhibits a MINIMUM DEGREE OF SOLUBILITY	Suspensions
1 suspensions which are already distributed through a liquid vehicle with or without stabilizers and other additives. 2 are another type where in the powder contains the drug and suitable dispersing agents to be diluted and agitated with a vehicle but usually purified water	1 Ready-to-use forms 2 Powder Mixtures
are usually powder mixtures because they are unstable at extended periods “For Oral Suspension” – is given to these powder mixtures in the USP.	ANTIBIOTIC drugs
Prepared suspensions not requiring reconstitution at the time of dispensing	“Oral Suspension”
Reasons for suspensions	1 Chemical Stability 2 Flexibility Disadvantage: Disagreeable taste of certain drugs
are aqueous preparations with the vehicle flavoured and sweetened to suit the anticipated taste preferences of the intended patient.	Oral Suspensions
FEATURES DESIRED IN A PHARMACEUTICAL SUSPENSION	• Therapeutic efficacy • Chemical Stability of components • Permanency of the preparation • Esthetic appeal of the preparation (desirable qualities in the preparation) •settle slowly and readily re-dispersed upon gentle shaking • particles size remains constant on long periods of undisturbed standing. • pour readily and evenly from its container
was derived for an ideal situation in which uniform, perfectly spherical particles in a very dilute suspension settle without producing turbulence, without colliding with other particles of the suspenoid, and without chemical or physical attraction or affinity for the dispersion medium Does not apply precisely the usual pharmaceutical suspension but gives basic concepts that are important to suspension of the particles and possible adjustments that can be made to decrease the rate of sedimentation	Stoke’s equation
__ of a suspended particle must be greater for larger particles than it is for smaller particles	Velocity of fall