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level: Social Cognitive Learning

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Social Cognitive Learning

QuestionAnswer
What is a cognitive map?A mental representation of the spatial characteristics of a familiar environment.
What did Tolman (1948) study?Studied rats completing maze-running experiments. Test the idea that rats develop 'spatial maps' of their environment, rather than a series of chained responses.
What idea did Tolman demonstrate?Learning could occur in the absence of rewards and punishments (latent learning). Rewards affect whether the learned behaviour will be demonstrated, not whether learning has occurred.
What is another name for latent learning?"Hidden" learning
What is observational learning a demonstration of?Learning can occur indirectly, without direct reinforcement or punishment. Can take place "socially" and "vicariously" through observing others ("models").
Who is the psychologist most associated with the study of observational learning?Albert Bandura - interested in demonstrated latent learning.
How does observational learning take place?Active judgement and constructive processes (i.e. involves cognitive processes of mental representation).
What did Bandura's study demonstrate?Vicarious reinforcement and vicarious punishment: Learning can occur socially through observation, in the absence of directly experienced consequences. Perfect is influenced by mental representations (expectations) based on observed consequences.